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DISORDER
Diagnosis
characteristic diagnostic features: difficulty recalling,
evoking and sequencing printed letters and words,
processing sophisticated grammatical constructions and
making interferences
Clinical Features
identified by the age of 7 years
make many errors in their oral reading
Difficulty in distinguishing between printed letter
characters sizes
Reading speed is slow
Difficulty in sequencing words properly
Treatment
Remedial education
Small, structured reading groups
Children & adolescent: individual education program
(IEP)
High school students: IEP may not be sufficient
Motor disorders
Developmental Coordination
Disorder
Neurodevelopmental disorder
50% of children w/ DCD: ADHD or dyslexia
3 general areas of deficits: [1] poor predictive control of
motor movements [2] deficits in rhythmic coordination
and timing [3] deficits in executive function
STEREOTYPIC MOVEMENT
Diverse range of repetitive behaviors
Movements (hand flapping, body rocking, hand waving,
hair-twirling, lip-licking, skin picking or self-hitting)
Stereotypic movements: self-soothing or self-stimulating
Head-banging, face slapping, eye poking or hand-biting
Increased frequency in children with autism and
intellectual disability
Tourettes disorder
Tics: brief rapid motor movements or vocalizations in
response to irresistible premonitory urges
more common in children (age 5-6 and peaks at 10-12
y/o)
Transient or chronic, with a waxing and waning course
Motor tics: m/c affected the muscle of face and neck
(eye-blinking, head-jerking, mouth-grimacing or headshaking)
Diagnosis: depends on a history of multiple motor tics
(over a period months or years)