Remember:

Mature egg- when the egg cell is fully developed

Ovulation- ready to be fertilized and moves from the ovary.
Menstruation- if the egg does not get fertilized, the lining
of the uterus is shed and flows through the cervix and
vagina.
Normally, a female releases only one mature egg a month.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Generally, the female starts to menstruate at
the age of 10-12 years old.

Itusually continues and ends at the ages of

45-50 years. (Menopause)-the ceasing of menstruation
Days in the cycle Event in the Menstrual Cycle
1-5 Menstruation
Discharge of unfertilized egg, uterine lining and blood
6-13 Rebuilding and thickening of the uterine lining
14 Ovulation
Release of ovum from the ovary
15-25 Continued thickening of the uterine lining by increasing blood supply and
tissue
26-28 Uterine lining begins to break down
 Menstrual phase- the regular
natural change that occurs in
uterus and ovaries
Follicularphase- an egg on an
ovary gets ready to release an
egg.
Ovulation phase- a mature
ovarian follicle discharges an
egg.
Luteal phase- begins with the
formation of corpus luteum
and ends in either pregnancy
or luteolysis (not pregnant).
Video 1
Video 2
VIDEO 1
Pregnancy- The rapid growth and development of a baby between the zygote stage
and birth.
- only one sperm, out of millions of sperm, can penetrate and fertilize the egg.
Remember:
Fertilization-
occurs when the nucleus of the
sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell.

Zygote- the fused cell of fertilized egg.

Embryo- a ball like form by a zygote
Implantation- it happens about seven days
fertilization, the embryo embeds in the tissue of the
uterine
Placenta- a large disc in the surface of the
embryo and the uterus lining bind firmly.
Fetus- a developing embryo that becomes a clearly
human. It happens by eight weeks after fertilization.
Umbilical cord-
The umbilical cord connects a baby in the womb to its mother.
It runs from an opening in the babys stomach to the placenta in
the womb.
The average cord is about 50cm (20 inches) long.
Two blood vessels of umbilical cord
UMBILICAL ARTERY- which carries carbon
dioxide and other wastes from the fetus to
the placenta

UMBILICAL VEINS- which carries blood

containing Oxygen and food from the
placenta to the fetus
TAKE NOTE:
Oxygen, soluble food, water and salts
passes from mothers blood to the fetal
blood
CO2, and nitrogenous waste pass from
fetal blood to mothers blood
 Amnion- a membrane that surrounds the fetus

The amnion is filled with

amniotic fluid. The amniotic
fluid protects the embryo and
later the fetus by cushioning it
from physical damage
Gestation period- the time for the full development of a fetus after forty weeks.

Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth. During this time,
the baby grows and develops inside the mother's womb.
 The three main of birth stages:
1. The expansion of a cervix so that
the babys head can pass into the
vagina
2. The strong contractions of the
uterus which push the baby out
of the mothers body
3. Furthercontractions of the uterus
to expel the umbilical cord and
placenta from the mothers baby