Chemical Mechanical

Electrical
Engine Alternator
Energy of Energy
Energy
Fuel

A Block Diagram -Engine Alternator

Ê
 
 Principle of operation of
Engine
@ áhen the fuel ignites in the combustion
chamber, energy in the form of heat and
gases is generated. The rapid expansion
of hot gases creates pressure in the
combustion chamber which pushes the
piston away. The reciprocating motion of
the piston is converted in to the circular
motion by the engine crankshaft, which is
connected to the piston by the connecting
rod.
 ADMISSION STROKE
@ The piston draws fresh air into the
cylinder on its downward travel
through the open admission valve.
áith turbo charged engines the air is
first compressed by a blower and
admitted to the cylinder under
increased pressure.
 COMPRESSION STROKE
@ On its upward travel the piston
compress the fresh air in the cylinder
with the valves closed. The
temperature of the fresh air is thus
increased to exceed the ignition
temperature(540- C) of the fuel.
Shortly before the piston reaches the
top dead centre, fuel is injected into
the combustion space.
 POáER STROKE
@ The fuel injected ignites in the hot air
and burns. The combustion causes a
high pressure which forces the
piston downward. Resulting into
reciprocating movement of the shaft.
 EXHAUST STROKE
@ The piston moving upward forces the
exhaust gas through the open
exhaust valve into the exhaust pipe.
áhen the exhaust stroke is
terminated the exhaust valve close
and the admission valve opens for a
new operation cycle.
SYSTEMS OF
AN ENGINE
 (UBRICATION SYSTEM
@ The moving parts of the diesel
engine are lubricated for their
optimum operation by this
lubrication system. A dipstick in the
oil sump serves to check the oil
level. The lub oil level and the
lubrication oil pressure have to be
checked for satisfactory performance
and long life of the engine.
 FUE( SYSTEM
@ Depending on the position of the
fuel, the fuel is supplied to the
distributing pipe through fuel filter
either by natural head from an
elevated tank or by a fuel pump. Fuel
is supplied inside the cylinder by
injection nozzles.
 AIR EXHAUST SYSTEM
@ For the combustion of fuel sufficient
quantity of the filtered air is taken in
the combustion chamber. After the
combustion the exhaust gases are
taken away from the engine through
suitable ducting or piping. This is
known as air exhaust system.
 COO(ING SYSTEM
@ Cooling System is essential for
cooling the engine body, and to act
as a heat exchanger for lubricating
oil. This can be either water-cooled
or air ±cooled.
 STARTING SYSTEM
@ The Diesel Engine can be equipped
with the starting system i.e. with
an electric starter with a pinion,
which engages with the fly wheel of
the engine. The power to the electric
starter is provided by means of a
battery which is kept in charged
condition by means of a dynamo or
electric rectifier.
 A(TERNATOR
@ Alternator works on Faraday¶s law of
Electromagnetic induction. There are two
requirements for the functioning of Alternator±
(1) Magnetic field & (2) Rotation. Magnetic field
is produced by passing direct current through
the field winding of the Alternator and rotation
is achieved by means of coupling the alternator
from engine. The Automatic Voltage regulator
(AVR) is provided in the alternator for
maintaining the terminal voltage within the
close limits over wide operating condition.
 INDICATIONS OF A HEA(THY
ENGINE
@ Good Compression:
The temperature of the induced air when
entrapped and compressed in the
combustion chamber is about 540 deg C
to 560 deg C.
@ Good Combustion:
Fuel is sprayed in atomized form to ensure
proper ignition of the fuel. Burning
temperature is about 1425 deg C.
 INDICATIONS OF A HEA(THY
ENGINE
@ Clean exhaust:

 
 
   
 
 








    

  

 
   
  
 
  
 


   
 

 pulse of the engine  

     



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 IMPORTANT MAINTENANCE CHECKS
FOR ENGINE A(TERNATOR SET
Ô

@ Check Engine oil level and leakage if any.
@ Check Radiator for water level and leakage if any.
@ Check fuel level.
@ Check that ventilation of the EA Room is proper.
@ Check oil pressure.
@ Check if lights and exhaust fan are working properly.
@ Check physically before start for loose connection/nut
bolt.
 MAINTENANCE CHECKS

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 MAINTENANCE CHECKS

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@ Check Battery voltage, Terminals, Electrolyte
level (Top up if necessary) .
@ Check Specific Gravity of Electrolyte.
@ (Ê 
     

 

 

        


    
)
@ Check for any abnormal noise. Shut down the
E/A immediately and cause be examined.
 MAINTENANCE CHECKS

@ Check frequency, out put voltage, colour

of exhaust etc.
@ Record various readings in the logbook.
 MAINTENANCE CHECKS

Monthly
@ Check for tightness of connections in
Engine and Control Panel.
@ áatering of earth pits and tightening of
connections.
@ Check functioning of safety devices.
@ Check belt tensions.
@ Check battery charger.
@ Check for leakage of fuel line.
@ Check for leakage in exhaust pipes.
 MAINTENANCE CHECKS

K  

@ Cleaning of bus bars chambers and
tightening of nut bolts.
@ Checking of protective devices
@ Earth testing and Meggering.
 MAINTENANCE CHECKS



@ Tighten all mounting, nut and bolt.
@ Clean and calibrate all injectors.
@ Check fuel pump calibration.
THANK YOU