Proximity sensors

Optical Through- Inductiv Capacitive

beam e

Optical Retro-reflective Reed switch

Symbols

Optical - Diffuse Inductive Connection

magnetic
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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)

Type : Through-beam

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)

Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam
Targe
t

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam

Transmitter Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Through-beam)
Type : Through-beam Targe
t

Transmitter Receiver

Long sensing distance: up to 30 metres with some devices

Will detect all but very transparent materials
Must be accurately aligned

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic
)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic
)

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 18 / 91

 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective Target

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)

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 Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Reflector
(prismatic)
Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam type
Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets
Target should be larger than the reflector

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse Target

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

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 Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

Sensing distance: much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour
and reflective nature of the surface
Larger targets result in longer sensing distances
Not suitable for dirty environments

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 Inductive sensors

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 Inductive sensors

High frequency
magnetic field
(300 to 800 kHz)

Active surface

Resonant circuit coil

LED indicator

Connection cable

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 Targ
et
Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

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 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

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 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 39 / 91

 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 40 / 91

 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 41 / 91

 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 42 / 91

 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 43 / 91

 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 44 / 91

 Target

Inductive sensors

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 45 / 91

 Inductive sensors
Will detect any conductive material
Quoted distances are for mild steel
Sensor performance can be affected by:
Temperature
Target material
Target dimensions

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 46 / 91

 Reed switch

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 47 / 91

 Reed switch

Glass Tube filled Reed LED

with nitrogen contacts indicator

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 Reed switch

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 Reed switch

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 Reed switch

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 Reed switch

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 Reed switch

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 Reed switch

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 Reed switch

24v

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 55 / 91

 Reed switch

24v

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 56 / 91

 Reed switch
Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided.
If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of
approach.
Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts.

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 Inductive magnetic sensor

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 58 / 91

 Inductive magnetic sensor

Connection Resonant High LED

cable circuit coil frequency Indicator
magnetic
field

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 Inductive magnetic sensor

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 Inductive magnetic sensor

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 Inductive magnetic sensor

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 Inductive magnetic sensor

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 Inductive magnetic sensor

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 Inductive magnetic sensor

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 65 / 91

 Inductive magnetic sensor
Inductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields
Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided.
Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 66 / 91

 Capacitive sensor

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 67 / 91

 Capacitive sensor
Electrostatic field
Sensor is looking for a
change in capacitance in
the active field Active surface

Active electrode

Earth electrode

LED indicator

Adjusting screw

Connection cable

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 Capacitive sensor Target

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 Capacitive sensor

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 Capacitive sensor

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 Capacitive sensor

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 72 / 91

 Capacitive sensor
Detects any material denser than air
(as long as there is enough of it)
Can be adjusted for sensitivity
Can be affected by dusty
environments

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 Capacitive sensor

Sensor is adjusted so
that it does not see
the wall of the vessel.

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 Capacitive sensor

As the level rises the fluid

affects the sensor field.

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 Capacitive sensor

Until the sensor switches.

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 Sensor symbols

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 Sensor symbols
Inductive

Capacitiv
+ 18 to 30 Volts e
DC. Optic
al
Output Magneti
c
Ultrasoni
c
Normally
0V open

Normally
closed

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 Sensor symbols
Capacitive Sensor with
Normally open function

+ 18 to 30 Volts
DC.

Output

0V

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 Sensor connection

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 80 / 91

 Sensor connection
24v
PNP Type DC

Output is Positive
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC
Positive switching

Output

0V

0v

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 81 / 91

 Sensor connection
24v
NPN Type DC

Output switches
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC
through to 0v
Negative switching

Output

0V

0v

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 Sensor connection

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 83 / 91

 Sensor connection
Inductive

Capacitiv
e
+ 18 to 30 Volts
DC. Optic
al
Output Magnetic

Ultrasoni
c
Normally
0V open

Normally
closed

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 84 / 91

 Inductive sensor Targ
et
Will detect any conductive material
Quoted distances are for mild steel
Sensor
Sensor performance can be affected by:-
Temperature
Target material
Target dimensions.

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
ON
output
signal OFF

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 85 / 91

 Capacitive sensor
Detects any material denser than air.
(as long as there is enough of it)
Can be adjusted for sensitivity
Can be affected by dusty environments

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 86 / 91

 Optical sensors
Type: Through-beam
Long sensing distance : up to 30
metres with some devices
Target
Will detect all but very transparent
materials
Must be accurately aligned

Transmitter Receiver

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 87 / 91

 Optical sensors
Type: Retro-reflective
Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of
through-beam type.
Not suitable for reflective or
transparent targets
Target should be larger
than the reflector
T
R

Transmitter / Receiver Reflector

(prismatic)

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 88 / 91

 Optical sensors
Type : Diffuse
Sensing distance : much less than
reflex type, actual distance
depends on colour and reflective
nature of the surface
Larger targets result in longer
sensing distances
Not suitable for dirty
T
environments
R

Transmitter /
Receiver

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 89 / 91

 Reed switch
Interference from other
magnetic fields must be
avoided.
If positioned in mid stroke,
switching point will vary
depending on direction of
approach.
Maximum current must be
limited to avoid burning of
the reed contacts.

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 90 / 91

 Inductive magnetic sensor
Inductive principle of operation -
but only reacts to magnetic fields
Interference from other magnetic
fields must be avoided
Solid state device - higher
switching frequency - 1kHz

Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03 No. 91 / 91