RECTANGULAR BEAMS IN FLEXURE

Doubly Reinforced sections

Contents
Introduction
Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Sections
Analysis & Design
Equations
Example
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If a beam cross section is limited because of architectural or

other considerations, it may happen that concrete cannot
develop the compression force required to resist the given
bending moment.

In this case, reinforcing steel bars are added in the

compression zone, resulting in a so called doubly
reinforced beam, that is one with compression as well as
tension reinforcement.
Doubly Reinforced BeamsContd

Another reason for placing reinforcement in the

compression zone is that when beams span more than two
supports (continuous construction), both positive and
negative moments will exist as shown in Fig. 2.
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It has been found that the inclusion of some compression steel has
the following advantages:

It will reduce the long-term deflections of members.

It will set a minimum limit on bending loading
It act as stirrup-support bars continuous through out the beam
span.
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Analysis
For analysis, the total resisting moment of the beam will be assumed to
consist of two parts or two internal couples:

I. The part due to the resistance of the compressive concrete and

tensile steel and
II. The part due to the compressive steel and additional tensile steel.

The total nominal capacity may be derived as the sum of the two internal
couples, neglecting the concrete that is displaced by the compression
steel.
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Part I Part II
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The total compression will consist of two forces:

C1, the compression resisted by the concrete
C2, the compression resisted by the compression steel

The analysis of such section is best carried out by assuming the compression
reinforcement bars to be yielded and check for compatibility of strain to verify whether
the compression steel yielded or not and use the corresponding stress in the steel for
calculating the forces and moments.
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From part I: From part II:

From equilibrium condition,

Location of N.A
Md2 = As2fyd(d-d)

Md1 = As1fyd(d - 0.4x) = (As As)fyd(d - 0.4x) = 0.8xbfcd(d-0.4x)

This equation if valid if

the compression steel
(As) yields
Example 1

Given
The section and reinforcement shown in the figure below, with
C25 concrete and
fyk = 420 MPa

Required
Find the stress in the compression steel.
Find the moment capacity of the beam
Example 2
Design the reinforcements of a rectangular beam simply supported
over a span of 6 m and carrying a dead load including self-weight
of 12.7 kN/m and an imposed load of 6.0 kN/m.
The beam is 200 mm wide by 300 mm effective depth and the
inset of the compression steel is 40mm.

Use C30 concrete

S300 steel grade