Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
Special senses
Sensory receptors located in head
Nose smell
Tongue taste
Eyes vision
Ears hearing and equilibrium
Touch is a generalized sense
Stimulus nervous system brain response
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-2
Chemicals must be
dissolved in mucus
Located in the
olfactory organ
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-3
Smell Sensation
Activation of smell receptors
information sent to olfactory nerves
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-4
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-5
Very
Good!
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-6
Tongu
e
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-7
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-8
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-9
Bac
k
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-10
Taste sensation
Activation of Cranial
taste cells nerves
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-11
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-12
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-13
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-14
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-15
Eye
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-16
Back
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-17
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-18
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-19
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-20
Visual Pathways
Eye works like a camera
Light enters the eye through the lens
Refraction cornea, lens, and fluids bend
light to focus it on the retina
Image upside
Image turned
down on retina
right-side up
Retina converts Occipital
light to nerve Optic Optic lobe of
impulse nerve chiasm cerebrum
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-21
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-23
Nice job!
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-24
Vision Testing
Professionals include
Ophthalmologist medical doctor who
is an eye specialist
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-25
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-26
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-27
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-28
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-29
The Ear
External ear
Auricle (pinna)
Collects sound waves
External auditory canal
Guides sound wave to tympanic membrane
Tympanic membrane
Separates external canal and middle ear
Vibrates when sound hits it
Ear
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-30
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-31
Ear
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-33
Equilibrium
Head movement causes fluid in
semicircular canals and
vestibule to move
Equilibrium receptors transmit
information along vestibular
nerves to cerebrum
Cerebrum determines if body needs to
make adjustments
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-34
Sense of Hearing
Sound waves collected
Waves cause tympanic membrane
to vibrate
Ossicles amplify vibrations, which
enter inner ear
Movement of hairs lining cochlea trigger
nerve impulses
Impulses are transmitted by auditory nerve
to the brain for interpretation
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-35
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-36
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-37
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-38
Great
Answer!
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-39
Hearing Loss
Symptom of a disease, not a normal part of
aging
Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing
Interruption in loss
transmission to inner ear Sound waves not perceived
Causes by brain as sound
Obstruction of ear canal Causes
Infection of middle ear Hereditary
Reduced movement of
Repeated exposure to
stirrup
loud noises/viral infections
Side effect of medication
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-40
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-41
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-42
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-43
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
31-44
The End
2011TheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.