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Sub Topics:
Instantaneous Power (p)
Active Power (P)
Reactive Power (Q)
Apparent Power (S)
Relationship between P, Q, S
Power Factor
Examples
Instantaneous Power
The instantaneous power supplied to a device is simply the product of the
instantaneous voltage across its terminals multiply the instantaneous
current that flows through it.
e= Em*sin () (Volts or V), Em = peak value
i= Im*sin ( - ) (Ampere or A), Im = peak value
Equation: p = e*I (Watts or W)
If (+), power flows into the device. If (-), power flows out of the
device
Example 1:
A sinusoidal voltage having a peak value of 162 V and a
frequency of 60 Hz is applied to the terminals of an AC
Motor. The resulting current has a peak value of 7.5 A
and lags with an angle of 50 behind the voltage.
Example:
Z = R + j*XL or Z = R + j*XC or Z = R + j*XL + j*XC
Definition of Reactive Load &
Reactive
Source
A reactor is considered to be a reactive load because it
absorbs reactive power.
A capacitor is considered as a reactive source. WHY?
Its a passive component able of storing energy
temporary for brief periods & releasing it again in
the form ofissource
A inductor of power
considered as a reactive load. WHY?
Its a passive component able of storing current
temporary for brief periods & releasing it again in
the form of magnetic field
Example 2:
A reactor having an inductive reactance of 4 is
connected to the terminals of a 120 V AC Generator.
a) The Ip & Iq
b) I
c) The apparent power supplied by the load
d) The phase angle between E & I
Power Factor (pf)
The Cosine of angle between Current and Voltage is
called Power Factor
Example: P = VI Cos or Cos = P / V I