CHM-657

CLASSICAL METHOD OF
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
COURSE INCHARGE
MAM NAUSHABA & MAM
HUMAIRA
PRESENTED BY
FARAH NAZ & MUSARAT
KHAN
EXPERIMENT # 05

QUANTITATIV
E
ANALYSIS OF
HCl & H2SO4
 INTRODUCTION
ANALYSIS

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

VOLUMETRIC GRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

NEUTRALIZATION
REACTION
COMPLEX
REACTION
REDOX REACTION

PRECIPITTAION REACTION
SULPHURIC ACID:
Sulphuric acid is a strong mineral acid. Its molecular formula is
H2SO4. It historical name is Vitriol, the Salts of Sulphuric acid are
called sulphates.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID:
Hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride in water. Its
molecular formula is HCl. That is highly corrosive and it is a
Strong mineral acid. Historically called muriatic acid.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN:
Phenolphthalein is a weak acid .and which dissociate into its ion
in aqueous solution. It is color less in undissociated form, while
pink on dissociation.
PHENOLPHTHALEIN :
Phenolphthalein is often preferred indicator
for acid-base or neutralizations reactions.
Solution that contains phenolphthalein turn
from colorless to pink as the pH of solution
changes from acidic to Basic.

INDICATION OF
PHENOLPHTHALEIN:
Color in phenolphthalein in acidic medium ~
colorless.
Color of phenolphthalein in basic medium ~
pink.
Color of phenolphthalein in the neutral
ANALYSIS OF H2SO4 & HCl:
In our sample we have two strong acids HCl
and H2SO4 where, HCl is a monoprotic acid
and H2SO4 is a diprotic acid.
In our experiment we have performed the
analysis of HCl and H2SO4 in a given
sample solution by volumetric analysis and
gravimetric analysis which includes the acid
base reaction and precipitation reaction.
So first we perform the volumetric analysis.
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS:
A known volume of sample solution was titrated
against standard NaOH using phenolphthalein as
an indicator. In the order to find out the volume of
NaOH solution consumed to neutralized H2SO4
and HCl present in our sample solution and to
find out the total number of mol H+ ion produced
by H2SO4 and HCl.
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS:
In the second step a known volume of sample
solution was heated up to just boiling. After that it
was treated with BaCl2 solution which act as
precipitating agent for H2SO4.So, the white
precipitate of BaSO4 has been formed. From this
we can find out number of mol H2SO4 and
number of mol of H+ ion produced by H2SO4
 By subtracting the number of mol of H+ ion
produced by H2SO4 from the total number of mol
of H+ ion produced by both acids So, number of
mol of HCl has been found.

CHEMICAL EQUATION:
Standardization of NaoH solution against H2C2O4 .
2H2O
1. 2NaOH+H2C2O4 phenolphthalein
Na2C2O4 +H2O
Reaction of HCl with NaOH
2. NaOH +HCl phenolphthalein NaCl+H2O
Reaction of H2SO4 with NaOH
3. 2NaOH+H2SO4 phenolphthalein
Na2SO4+2H2O
Net Equation (Adding Equation 2 and 3)
4. 3NaOH+HCl+H2SO4 phenolphthalein NaCl+Na2SO4+3H2O
Reaction of H+ with NaOH
5. H++NaOH phenolphthalein Na++H2O
Reaction of impurity of C2O4-2 with Concentration HCl
6. C2O4-+HCl CO2+CO+H2O+Cl-
Reaction of impurity of CO3-2 with concentration HCl
7. CO3-2+2HCL CO2+2Cl-+H2O
Net Equation (Adding 6 and 7)
8. C2O4-2+CO3-2+3HCL 2CO2+CO+2H2O+3CL-
Reaction of H2SO4 with BaCl2
9. H2SO4+BaCl2 BaSO4+Cl-
PROCEDURE
STANDARDIZATION OF NAOH
Analysis Of Sample:
(a) Analysis of sample solution for the determination of total
mol of H+
(b) Analysis of sample solution for the determination of total
1. About 1 ml concentrated HCl solution added.
2. 5% BaCl2.2H2O solution added to the content of the
beaker with constant stirring.
3. After precipitates formation, the precipitates was
filtered through washed , dried and cooled G-4
sintered glass crucible.

DIAGRAM PROCEDURE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE

OBSERVATION:
Total volume of sample solution=250.0ml.
Weight of H2C2O4.2H2O=x g /250.0ml.
Molar mass of H2C2O4.2H2O=126.0658g/mol.
Weight of NaOH=zg/500.0ml.
Molar mass of NaOH=39.9970g/mol.
Molar mass of HCL=36.4609g/mol.
Molar mass of H2SO4=98.0790g/mol.
Weight of empty G4 sintered glass crucible=Ig.
Weight of empty G4 sintered glass crucible+weight of precipitate
of BaSO4=lg.
Molar mass of BaSO4=233.3910g/mol.
Molar mass of SO4-2 =96.0576g/mol.

STANDARDIZATION OF NaOH SOLUTION:

Volume of standard H2C2O4.2H2O solution=25.0ml.
Indicator: phenolphthalein
VOLUME OF STANDARD NaOH SOLUTION
CONSUMED:
VOLUME OF STANDARD H2C204.2H20 SOLUTION= 25.0ml
Indicator : phenolphthalien
VOLUME OF THE STANDARD NaOH CONSUMED
Initial Final Difference Concordan
Reading reading (ml) t reading
(ml) (ml) (ml)

a b c c
b d c

DETTERMINATION OF STANDARD NaOH SOLUTION

CONSUMED AGAINST HCl AND H2SO4 PRESENT IN THE
SAMPLE SOLUTION
Volume of sample solution = 25.0ml
Indicator : phenolphthalein
VOLUME OF THE STANDARD NaOH CONSUMED:
CALCULATION:
1. Determination of weight of H2C2O4.2H2O to
prepare its 0.05M Standard solution:

Weight of Pure anhydrous H2C2O2.2H2O= 0.05 x 126.0658 x

250.0 / 1000
Weight of Pure anhydrous H2C2O2.2H2O=
X / 250.0ml

2. Determination of Molarity of Prepared standard

H2C2O4.2H2O Solution:

Molarity of prepared standard H2C2O4. 2H2O Solution =

Weight of H2C2O4x1000/Molarmass x Volume
3. Determination of weight of NaOH to prepare its
0.01M Standard

Weight of NaOH = Molarity x Volume x Molermass / 1000

Weight of NaOH = z g / 500.0ml

4. Standardization of prepared NaOH Solution :

1000.0ml of standard oxalic acid solution contain = x Mol

25.0ml of standard oxalic acid solution contain = x x 25.0 / 1000
mol
= m Mol of H2C2O4.2H2O
Mole Ratio:
1H2C2O4 2NaOH
m mol of H2C2O4.2H2O react with 2 x m mol of NaOH
= n mol of NaOH
C ml of standard NaOH solution contains n mol of NaOH
1000ml of standard NaOH solution contains n x 1000/c mol of
NaOH
= p mol of NaOH
5. Determination of Total no of mol of H + produced
by HCl & H2SO4 present in 250.0ml sample solution:
1000.0ml of standard NaOH solution contain p mol of NaOH
h ml of standard NaOH solution contain p x h / 1000.0 NaOH=q
mol of NaOH

MOLE RATIO:
1NaOH ~ 1H+
q mol of NaOH react with 1x q mol of H+
= q mol of H+
25.0ml of sample solution contain q mol of H+
250.0ml of sample solution contain =
q x 250.0/25.0
= r mol of H+
6. Determination of weight of BaSO4:
Weight of precipitates of BaSO4= (Weight of G-4 Sintered glass
crucible + (weight of Precipitate)
-(Weight of Empty G-4 Sintered glass crucible)
Weight of precipitates of BaSO4 = ig lg
Weight of Precipitates of BaSO4 = kg
7. Determination of No. of Mol of BaSO4 Present in 250.0ml sample
solution
No of mol of BaSO4 = Weight of BaSO4 / Molarmass of BaSO4
No of mol of BaSO4 = k / 233.3910
25.0ml of sample solution contain s mol of BaSO4
250.0ml of sample solution contain s x 250.0/25 mol of BaSO4
= t/mol of BaSO4 /250.0ml

8. Determination of No Mol of H2SO4 present in 250.0ml

Sample Solution:
1BaSO4 = 1SO-24 = 1 H2SO4
t Mol of BaSO4 = t mol of SO-24 = t mol of H2SO4
= t Mol of H2SO4/250.0ml

9. Determination of Weight of H2SO4 present in 250.0 ml Sample

Solution:
Weight of H2SO4 = Number of Mol x Molar mass
Weight of H2SO4 = t x 98.0790
Weight of H2SO4 = u g / 250.0ml
25.0ml of sample solution contain s mol of BaSO4
250.0ml of sample solution contain s x 250.0/25 mol of BaSO4
= t/mol of BaSO4 /250.0ml

8. Determination of No Mol of H2SO4 present in 250.0ml

Sample Solution:
1BaSO4 = 1SO-24 = 1 H2SO4
t Mol of BaSO4 = t mol of SO-24 = t mol of H2SO4
= t Mol of H2SO4/250.0ml

9. Determination of Weight of H2SO4 present in 250.0 ml Sample

Solution:
Weight of H2SO4 = Number of Mol x Molar mass
Weight of H2SO4 = t x 98.0790
Weight of H2SO4 = u g / 250.0ml
12. Determination of Number of Mol HCl present in
250.0ml sample solution:
1 H+ = 1HCl
w mol of H+ = 1 x w and of HCl
= w mol of HCl / 250.0ml
13. Determination of Weight of HCl presentation
250.0 ml sample solution:
Weight of HCl present in 250.0ml sample solution = No of Mol x
Molarmass
=w x 36.4609
= e / 250.0ml
Result:
The weight of HCl in 250.0ml sample solution = e g / 250.0ml
The weight of H2SO4 in 250.0ml sample solution = u g /
250.0ml
The No of mol of HCl in 250.0ml sample solution = w mol /
250.0ml