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Slip-critical bolted connections can fail in two ways: (a) slip at the
connection; (b) bearing failure of the connection
Tightened
N =Tb
N =Tb
P
N =Tb
F=N Tb
F=N
N =Tb
Tb
P N = Tb
N = Tb
SLIP-CRITICAL BOLTED CONNECTION
Slip-critical connections can resist the shear force using friction.
If the applied shear force is less than the friction that develops between
the two surfaces, then no slip will occur between them
Faying surfaces
Unpainted clean mill scale, and blast-cleaned surfaces with Class A coating
Unpainted blast-cleaned surfaces with Class B coating
Hot-dip galvanized surfaces roughened by wire brushing Class C
SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTION
T
T
T
Bearing stresses in plate
BEARING CONNECTION
Rn = 1.2 Lc t Fu
Where, d = nominal bolt diameter
Lc= clear distance between holes or between the hole and the end of the member in
the direction of applied bearing force
Fu = tensile strength of the connected material
N=1
s
Connection Strength
Fillet weld
Fillet weld
WELDED CONNECTIONS
Design of fillet welded connections
Fillet welds are most common and used widely
Weld sizes are specified in 1/16 in. increments
Fillet welds are usually fail in shear, where the shear failure occurs
along a plane through the throat of the weld
L
Throat = a x cos45o
a = 0.707 a
a
Failure Plane
Shear stress
P in fillet weld of length L subjected to load P
fv = 0.707 a L w
FILLET WELDED CONNECTIONS
The shear strength of the fillet weld = e2 0.60 Fexx
Where, = 0.80
e2
F is the tensile strength of the weld electrode used in the welding process.
exx
It can be 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, or 120 ksi. The corresponding electrodes
are specified using the nomenclature E60XX, E70XX, E80XX, and so on.
E70XX is the most popular electrode used for SMAW fillet welds
For E70XX, R n = 0.80 x 0.60 x 70 x 0.707 a Lw = 0.2375 a Lw kips
FILLET WELDED CONNECTIONS
The shear strength of the base metal must be considered:
Rn = v x 0.58 Ag Fy
where, v = 1.0
Fy is the yield strength of the base metal and Ag is the gross area in shear
T
Plan
Elevation
If the thickness of the thicker part joined (T) is less than or equal to in.
amin = in.
If T is greater than in. a min = 5/16 in.
for plates with thickness 0.25 in., a = thickness of material - 1/16 in.
max
Tu 3.4 in.
f L2
L2
FILLET WELD DESIGN
Connection layout
Connection must be designed to minimize eccentricity of loading.
The c.g. of the welded connection must coincide with c.g. of the member
L1
f L1 (d)
Tu 3.4 in.
f L2
L2
The tension force Tu acts along the c.g. of the member, which is
1.65 in. from the top and 3.35 in. from the bottom (AISC manual).
Let, f be the strength of the fillet weld per unit length.
Therefore, fL1 + fL2 = Tu
And fL2 x 3.35 - fL1 x 1.65 = 0 - taking moments about the member c.g.
Therefore, L 1 = 2.0 L2
But, L1 + L2 = 15.0 in.
Tu 5f 3.4 in.
f L2
L2
fL1 + fL2 + 5f = Tu