ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS IN

STEEL STRUCTURES

Presented by- Sarvesh Sureshrao Chikte

CONTENT
Introduction

Literature Review

Theoretical Background

Experimental Analysis

Conclusion

References
Introduction
1) Types of connection

2) Connection Subjected to eccentric shear

3) Methods of analysis
TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
1. SIMPLE CONNECTIONS
2. ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS

Basis of classification C.G of connection & load axis.

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS

Applied load passes

through C.G of
connections

Fig -1a
Fig -1b
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS
Applied load does not pass through C.G of connections

Fig 2
CONNECTIONS SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC
SHEAR
Seat Connections
Framed Connections
Bracket Connections
SEAT CONNECTION

Fig 3a Unstiffened Seat Connections

SEAT CONNECTION

Fig 3b Stiffened Seat

Connections
FRAMED CONNECTIONS

Fig - 4
BRACKET CONNECTIONS

1) Bolted bracket type I connections

2) Bolted bracket type II connections
3) Welded bracket type I connections
4) Welded bracket type II connections
Methods of analysis

1) Elastic method
2) Rigid plastic method
3) Ultimate method
4) Geometric method
Literature Review
Dr D. M. F. Orr , The strength of Eccentrically loaded Shear connections ,
Vol 2, Journal of Constructional Steel Research , 1982

John R. Veillette1 and John T. DeWolf, ECCENTRICALLY LOADED HIGHSTRENGTH

BOLTED CONNECTIONS , 111(5), Journal on Structural Engineering, 1985

P. S. Nowak and T. W. Hartmann, ECCENTRIC CONNECTION DESIGN:

GEOMETRIC APPROACH , 119(2) , 1993

Harish N. Sayankar, Prof. S. D. Khamankar, Experimental and FE Analysis of

Eccentric Loaded Welded Joint Structure , Vol 4, Issue 8 , Int. journal of Engineering
research and application , 2014
Theoretical Background
BRACKET CONNECTIONS
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS
TYPE 1

Fig 5
FORCES ON BRACKET TYPE 1

Fig 6
 From the assumption made in the concentric bolted joints, the load
over the joint is shared equally by all the bolts ,force in any bolt due to
direct load is,

(1)
We know that,

And also
Force = Stress * Area
Therefore,

F2 = k*r
Therefore, the Torque about the center of rotation of the bolt group

Total resisting toq

The resisting torque should be equal to torque over the connection.

Hence,
Force F2 is maximum when distance r is maximum. Let the distance of
the extreme bolt be rn . then,

(2)

The two forces F1 and F2 act at some angle on various bolts in the
connection. Let be the angle between these forces on the critical bolt.
Then the resultant force F on the critical bolt will be

(3)

For the connection to be safe, this force must be less than the strength
of the bolt.
 M = torque in Nmm (caused by the eccentric load)
= load * eccentricity
e0 = the perpendicular distance measured from the center of
rotation of the bolt group to
the line of action of load, called eccentricity
P = the eccentric load acting over the joint in N
r1, r2. rn = the distances of the bolts from the center of rotation of
the bolt group.
n = number of bolts in the bolt group
F1 = force in a bolt due to direct shear P
F2 = force in bolt due to torque M
k = elastic constant

From equation of resultant F it is evident that F depends upon F1, F2 and

. For the resultant force F to be maximum with F1 being same for all
the bolts and F2 being maximum for the bolt farthest from the center of
gravity of the joint, the angle between the forces has to be minimum.
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS
TYPE 2

Fig 7
From the assumption made in the concentric bolted joints, the load is
shared equally by all bolts, Forces F1 in any bolt due to direct load

The tensile force in the bolt is proportional to the distance of the bolt from
the line of rotation.

Moment of resistance due to tensile force in a bolt,

=
Total moment of resistance due to tensile force,
For equilibrium,, total compressive force C should be equal to total tensile
force.
Hence, total compressive force,
External moment = moment resisted by the bolts in tension + moment of the
compressive force.
Where,
M = Pe0 moment in Nmm, caused by the eccentric load
e0 = the eccentricity of the load P from the bolt plane to the line
of action of load in mm
P = the load acting over the joint in N
M = moment of resistance provided by bolts in tension
Vb = force in a bolt due to direct shear P
Tb = tensile force in the bolt due to bending moment (Pe0)
n = number of bolts in the bolt group
y1,y2.yn = distance of the bolts in tension from the axis of rotation
y = distance as shown in figure.
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS
TYPE 1
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS TYPE 2
Experimental Analysis

Reference paper -The Strength of Eccentrically Loaded

Shear Connections
(Ultimate Method)
Reference paper - Eccentric Connection design- geometric approach
(Geometric Method)
Reference Paper -Experimental and Fe Analysis of
Eccentric Loaded Welded Joint Structure
(Elastic Method)
Conclusion
Different method of analysis are compared
If priority is less computational efforts go for elastic
method
If number of connections are less go for geometric
approach
If number of connections are more , use elastic approach
Limitation of ultimate method trial and error method
Limitation of geometric method if lengthy & tedious
calculations
Limitation of elastic method assumes linear load-
deformation relationship
References
X.C. Liu , S.H. Pu, A.L. Zhang, A.X. Xu, Z. Ni, Y. Sun, L. Ma , Static and seismic experiment
for bolted-welded joint in modularized prefabricated steel structure ,115, Journal of
Constructional Steel Research, 2015

X.C. Liu , A.X. Xu, A.L. Zhang, Z. Ni, H.X.Wang, L. Wu , Static and seismic experiment for
welded joints in modularized prefabricated steel structure , 112, Journal of Constructional
Steel Research, 2015

Dr D. M. F. Orr , The strength of Eccentrically loaded Shear connections , Vol 2, Journal of

Constructional Steel Research , 1982

John R. Veillette1 and John T. DeWolf, ECCENTRICALLY LOADED HIGH STRENGTH

BOLTED CONNECTIONS , 111(5), Journal on Structural Engineering, 1985

P. S. Nowak and T. W. Hartmann, ECCENTRIC CONNECTION DESIGN:

GEOMETRIC APPROACH , 119(2) , 1993

Harish N. Sayankar, Prof. S. D. Khamankar, Experimental and FE Analysis of Eccentric

Loaded Welded Joint Structure , Vol 4, Issue 8 , Int. journal of Engineering research and
application , 2014
By Murty K. S. Maduguia1 and S. Mohan2, ANGLES IN ECCENTRIC
TENSION J. Struct. Eng., 114(10) 1988

Akbar Pirmoz,_, Amir Saedi Daryan, Ahad Mazaheri, Hajar Ebrahim

Darbandi, Behavior of bolted angle connections subjected to combined shear
force and moment , Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64 (2008)

Konstantinos E. Kalochairetis , Charis J. Gantes, Xenofon A. Lignos,

Experimental and umerical investigation of eccentrically loaded laced built-
up steel columns, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 101 (2014)
Thank You