BEARINGS

N.B.HEMANT KUMAR

17/02/2004 HEMANT 1
 CLASSIFICATION OF BEARINGS :
BEARINGS

ROLLER ELEMENT HYDRODYNAMIC

BEARINGS BEARINGS

SLEEVE TILTING PAD HYBRID

BALL ROLLER BEARINGS BRGS. BEARINGS
BEARINGS BEARINGS

DEEP ANGULAR CYLINDRICAL

CONTACT SPHERICAL TAPERED
GROOVE ROLLER ROLLER ROLLER

SELF
ALLIGNING

17/02/2004 HEMANT 2
 BALL BEARINGS

ADVANTAGES
LOW FRICTION

LOW HEAT GENERATION

HIGHER SPEEDS

LOW COST

CAN TAKE BOTH RADIAL & THRUST LOADS

LESS SENSITICE TO MOUNTING ERRORS

DIS ADVANTAGES
LOWER LIFE

LOWER LOAD CAPACITY

17/02/2004 HEMANT 3
 ROLLER BEARINGS

ADVANTAGES
GREATER LOAD CAPACITY

GREATER FATIGE LIFE

SOME TYPES CAN TAKE BOATH RADIAL & THRUST LOADS

SOME TYPES LESS SENSITIVE TO MOUNTING ERRORS

DIS ADVANTAGES
HIGHER FRICTION

HIGHER HEAT GENERATION

MODERATE SPEEDS

HIGHER COST

17/02/2004 HEMANT 4
 CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARINGS
ADVANTAGES
LOWEST FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

SUITABLE FOR HIGH SPEED APPLICATIONS

HIGHEST RADIAL LOAD CAPACITY

DIS ADVANTAGES
NOT DESIGNED FOR AXIAL LOADS ( SOME VARIATIONS

CAN TAKE VERY SMALL AXIAL LOADS

VERY SENSITIVE TO MIS ALLIGNMENTS

17/02/2004 HEMANT 5
 SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARINGS

ADVANTAGES
ABILITY TO TAKE CONSIDERABLE MIS ALLIGNMENT

IT CAN TAKE MORE THRUST LOADS

DIS ADVANTAGE
DIFFICULT TO MANIFACTURE

VERY COSTLY

MORE FRICTION AND HEAT GENERATION

17/02/2004 HEMANT 6
 TAPERED ROLLER BEARINGS
ADVANTAGES
CAN TAKE MORE THRUST OR CAOMBINATION OF THRUST

& RADIAL LOADS

MORE LOAD CAPACITY THAN SPHERICAL BEARINGS

LESS DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE

DIS ADVANTAGE
MORE FRICTION & HEAT GENERATION

NOT SUITABLE FOR HIGH SPEED APPLICATIONS

SENSITIVE TO MIS ALLIGNMENT

17/02/2004 HEMANT 7
 PRELOADING OF BEARINGS
A BEARING HAS TO CONTROL LOCATION OF SHAFT
WHY PRELOADING
TO ELIMINATE RADIAL & AXIAL PLAY

REDUCE NON REPETITIVE PLAY

INCREASE RIGIDITY OF SHAFT SYSTEM

TO LIMIT CONTACT ANGLE AT HIGH SPEEDS

PREVENTS UNDESIRABLE BALL DYNAMICS

BEASIC METHODS OF PRELOADING

SPRING PRELOADING

AXIAL ADJUSTMENT

USING DUPLEX BEARINGS

CONTROLLED ELIMINATION OF RADIAL CLEARANCES

17/02/2004 HEMANT 8
 EFFECT OF SPEED IN SELECTION
DN VALUE
EFFECT OF SPEED
BEARING LIFE

HEAT GENERATION

LUBRICATION FILM

SKIDDING

SPIN TO ROLL RATIO

BALL EXCURSIONS

CENTRIFUGAL LOADING

17/02/2004 HEMANT 9
 FUNCTIONS OF LUBRICATION
PROVIDE LUBRICATION FILM
PROTECTION FROM CORROSION
DISSIPATION OF HEAT
EXCLUSION OF CONTAMINANTS
FLUSHING AWAY OF WEAR PRODUCTS AND DEBRIS

17/02/2004 HEMANT 10
 LUBRICANTS
TYPES
OILS

GREASES

OILS:
PETROLEUM OR MINERAL OILS: LOW COST, EXCELLENT

LUBRICATING PROPERTIES
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS: WIDER OPERATING TEMP., DIS

ADVANTAGE DO NOT HAVE SAME LOAD CARRYING

CAPACITY AT TYP. IND. EQPT. OPERATING TEMP.

17/02/2004 HEMANT 11
 GREASES:
GREASE IS A COMBINATION OF MINERAL OIL /SYNTHETIC

OIL AND A SUITABLE THICKNERCCALLED SOAP.

% OF OIL IS 80%. CAN RANGE FROM 70 97%.

LUBRICANT SELLECTION
PITCH DIA. Vs VISCOSITY GRAPHS

VISCOSITY Vs TEMP GRAPHS

17/02/2004 HEMANT 12
 LUBRICATING METHODS
OIL BATH : FOR LOW AND MODERATE SPEEDS
CIRCULATING SYSTEM: FOR LARGE MACHINES
JET LUBRICATION:FOR HIGH SPEED BEARINGS, MOST OF THE
OIL IS USED FOR COOLING OF THE BEARINGS
MIST LUBRICATION : BEARING HOUSING UNDER PRESSURE
WICK FEED : ALSO SUITABLE FOR HIGH SPEED BEARINGS

17/02/2004 HEMANT 13
 BEARING SEALS

FUNCTIONS:
KEEP CONTAMINANTS OUT

KEEP THE LUBRICANT IN THE BEARING

TYPES OF SEALS:
CONTACT SEALS: LIP SEAL

CLEARANCE SEALS: CAN NOT BE USED AGAINST

PRESURE

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 SLEEVE BEARINGS
ADVANTAGES:
INHERENTLY QUIET

DO NOT FAIL SUDDENLY

WEAR IS GRADUAL

WELL SUITED TO OSCILLATING MOVEMENT OF THE SHAFT

EXCESSIVE MOISTURE AND SUBMERSION TOLERATION

EXTREME TEMPERATURES CAN BE ACCOMODATED

DIS ADVANTAGES:
HIGH COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION

FOR THE SAME BOUND. PLAN MUCH LESS LOAD CAPACITY

LIFE IS NOT PREDICTABLE

17/02/2004 HEMANT 15
 FACTORS TO IMPROVE BEARING LIFE

GREATER SUPPLY LUBRICANT

INCREASED SHAFT SPEED
REDUCING THE LOAD
BETTER ALIGNMENT
SMOOTHER SURFACE FINISHED
USE OF HIGHER VISCOSITY LUBRICANTS

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 SLEEVE BEARING

17/02/2004 HEMANT 17
JOURNAL / SLEEVE / HYDRODYNAMIC BEARING
VISCOUS PUMPING THROUGH SMALL CLEARANCE REGION
ATTITUDE ANGLE : ANGLE BETWEEN THE LOAD DIRECTION
AND THE LINE OF CENTERS
CAVITATION IN BEARING: GENERALLY NOT HARMFUL UNLIKE
A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CAVITATION

17/02/2004 HEMANT 18
 SLEEVE BEARING TYPES
CYLINDRICAL BEARINGS
SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION

HIGH LOAD CAPACITY

WHIRL INSTABILITY

VISCOUS HEAT GENERATION

SUSCEPTIBLE TO CONTAMINATION

FOR MEDIUM SPEEDS ( 500 IN./SEC) , MEDIUM TO HEAVY

LOAD APPLICATIONS( 250 TO 400 PSI )

17/02/2004 HEMANT 19
 SLEEVE BEARING TYPES
CYLINDRICAL BEARING WITH GROVES
LESS LOAD TAKING CAPABILITY THAN PLAIN

CYLINDRICAL BEARING
CAN TOLERATE MORE CONTAMINATION

ELLIPTICAL AND LOBE BEARINGS

HAVE NON CIRCULAR GEOMETRIES

RESISTANCE WHIRL

TILTING PAD BEARINGS

HIGH SPEED APPLICATIONS

MOST WHIRL FREE

PRE LOADING OF BEARINGS POSSIBLE

17/02/2004 HEMANT 20
 TILTING PAD BEARINGS (CONTD.)
NOT AS CLEARANCE SENSITIVE AS MOST OTHER BRGS.

AS PADS CAN MOVE , THEY CAN OPERATE AT LOW FILM

THICKNESS THAN OTHER BEARINGS

CAN NOT PROVIDE AS MUCH SQUEEZE FILM DAMPING AS

RIGID CONFIGURATION
MORE EXPENSIVE

FRETTING CORROSION

HYBRID BEARINGS. LOAD CAPCITY FROM:

HYDRO DYNAMIC PRESSURE GENERATION AND

EXTERNAL HIGH PRESSURE SUPPLY

EXCELLENT LOW OR ZERO SPEED LOAD CAPABILITY

17/02/2004 HEMANT 21
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID BEARINGS
HIGH LOAD AND STIFFNESS CAPABILITY

EXTERNAL FLOE ASSISTS COOLING

CLEARANCES AND TOLERANCES ARE MORE LIBERAL

REQUIRES EXTERNAL FLUID SUPPLY SYSTEM

USED WHEN NOT SUFFICIENT GENERATING SPEED / HIGH

LOAD CAPABILITY AND STIFFNESS

APPLIED TO PREVENT WHIRL

17/02/2004 HEMANT 22
 TILTING PAD BEARING

17/02/2004 HEMANT 23
 MATERIALS FOR FLUID FILM BEARINGS

MOST COMMONLY USED MATERIAL IS BABBITT

TIN BASED BABBITT(86 88%) : 3-8% Cu. AND 4 14 %
ANTIMONY.
BETTER CORROSION RESISTANCE

CAN BE BINDED MORE EASILY

LEAD BASED BABBITT : MAX. 20% TIN, 10 15% ANTIMONY

REMAINDER IS LEAD.
CHEAPER THAN TIN BASED

17/02/2004 HEMANT 24
 BEARING TYPE SELLECTION
ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING SPEED FACTOR (Ndm): LESS
THAN 500000 (dm in mm.)
ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING LIFE : BASIC RATING LIFE OT
L10 BEARING LIFE OF 25000 HRS @ RATED LOAD &
CONTINUOUS DUTY OR 16000 HRS OPERATION @ MAX.
RADIAL & AXIAL LOADS AT RATED SPEED.
ENERGY DENSITY ( PRODUCT OF KW & RPM ): IF ENERGEY
DENSITY IS MORE THAN 4.0 MILLION HYDRO DYNAMIC RADIAL
AND THRUST BEARINGS ARE REQUIRED

17/02/2004 HEMANT 25
 CONDITION BEARING TYPE
RADIAL & THRUST BEARING SPEED , LIFE AND ROLLEING ELEMENT
ENERGY DENSITY LIMITS ARE WITHIN THAT OF RADIAL AND THRUST
ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS
RADIAL BEARING SPEED OR LIFE OUTSIDE LIMITS OF HYDRO DYNAMIC RADIAL
ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS AND ROLLING ELEMENT
AND THRUST
THRUST BEARING SPEED AND LIFE WITHIN SPEED OR
LIMITS OF ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS HYDRO DYNAMIC RADIAL
AND & THRUST
PUMP ENERGY DENSITY BELOW LIMITS
RADIAL AND THRUST BEARING SPEED OR LIFE HYDRO DYNAMIC RADIAL
OUTSIDE LIMITS FOR ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS AND THRUST
OR
PUMP ENERGY DENSITY ABOVE LIMIT

17/02/2004 HEMANT 26
17/02/2004 HEMANT 27