CAR SELF STARTER

MOTOR
CRANKING CIRCUIT
For any engine to start, it must first be
rotated, using an external power source.
It is the purpose and function of the
cranking circuit to create the necessary
power and transfer it from the battery to
the starter motor that rotates the engine.
Cranking Circuit
Modern cranking
circuits include the
following:
1. Starter motor.
2. Battery.
3. Starter solenoid or
relay.
4. Starter drive.
5. Ignition switch.
CRANKING CIRCUIT
Control Circuit
Many automobile manufacturers use an electric switch
called a neutral safety switch that opens the circuit
between the ignition switch and the starter to prevent
starter motor operation unless the gear selector is in
neutral or park.
Circuit Diagram
HOW THE STARTER MOTOR
WORKS
A starter consists of the main structural support of
a starter called the main field housing, one end
of which is called a commutator-end (or brush-
end) housing and the other end a drive-end
housing.
HOW THE STARTER MOTOR
WORKS
The starter uses four
brushestwo brushes
to transfer the current
from the field coils to
the armature, and two
brushes to provide the
ground return path for
the current that flows
through the armature.
HOW THE STARTER MOTOR
WORKS
The magnetic field of
the starter motor is
provided by two or
more pole shoes and
field windings.
The pole shoes are
made of iron and are
attached to the frame
with large screws.
HOW THE STARTER MOTOR
WORKS
The field windings are
usually made of a
heavy copper ribbon
to increase their
current-carrying
capacity and
electromagnetic field
strength.
SOLENOID-OPERATED
STARTERS
A starter solenoid is an electromagnetic switch
containing two separate, but connected,
electromagnetic windings

Wiring diagram of a typical starter

solenoid. Notice that both the pull-in
winding and the hold-in winding are
energized when the ignition switch
is first turned to the start position.
As soon as the solenoid contact
disk makes electrical contact with
both the B and M terminals, the
battery current is conducted to the
starter motor and electrically
neutralizes the pull-in winding.
STARTER DRIVES
A starter drive includes a
small pinion gear that
meshes with and rotates
the larger gear on the
engine for starting.
The ends of the starter
pinion gear are tapered to
help the teeth mesh more
easily without damaging
the flywheel ring gear
teeth.
STARTER DRIVE
If the engine starts and is accelerated to
2000 RPM (normal cold engine speed), the
starter will be destroyed by the high speed
(36,000 RPM) if the starter was not
disengaged from the engine.
Components
Pinion Gear : attached to the flywheel. Used to transfer
the power to the engine crankshaft.
Engaging System : consists of a electromagnet attached
to a lever. Main purpose is to bring forward the pinion gear
to meet with the flywheel.
Field coils : when current is supplied to these coils they
become powerful magnets producing a spinning motion in
the armature.
Armature : the rotating part of the starter motor. Contain
windings and metal core laminations that produce
magnetic field when voltage is applied.
Carbon Brushes : used to supply voltage to the armature.
SUMMARY
1. All starter motors use the principle of
magnetic interaction between the field coils
attached to the housing and the magnetic
field of the armature.
2. The control circuit includes the ignition
switch, neutral safety (clutch) switch, and
solenoid.
3. The power circuit includes the battery, battery
cables, solenoid, and starter motor.
4. The parts of a typical starter include the main
field housing, commutator-end (or brush-end)
housing, drive-end housing, brushes,
armature, and starter drive.