PARTS/DIVISION

S OF THE LARGE
INTESTINE
 1. Caecum anterior
portion; appendix is
located
2. Colon middle portion;
divide into ascending
colon, transverse
colon,and desending colon
and sigmoid colon.
3. Rectum posterior
portion; temporary
storage of undigested
 ANUS
posterior opening of the
digestive tube.
exit of fecal matter;
regulated by the anal
sphincter.
in some vertebrates, the
p[osterior opening is
cloaca, which is a common
DIGESTIVE
GLANDS
Salivary Glands
present only in terrestrial
animals.
secrete saliva for
lubrication of food in the
oral cavity.
 TYPES OF SALIVARY
GLANDS AS TO LOCATION :
1.Parctic gland located behind
and below the ears; secretes
saliva with ptyalin to the oral
cavity through the parotid
duct or Stensens duct.
2.Submaxillary or sub
mandibular gland located
below the mandible ; secretes
saliva to the oral cavity
3. Sublingual gland
located beneath the
tongue; secretes saliva
to the oral cavity
through the Bartolins
and Riviniuss ducts.
MUCOUS GLANDS
found in the oral cavity,
esophagus, small and
large intestines.
secrete mucin for
lubrication of food.
 GRASTRIC GLANDS
found in the rugae of the
stomach
secrete gastric juice
controlled by the medulla
of the brain and by the
hormone gastrin.
 COMPOSITION OF
GASTRIC JUICE
1.Mucin lubrication of food.
2.HCI converts pepsinogen
into pepsin.
3.Pepsinogen converted into
pepsin by HCI, digest
protein into polypeptide
chains.
 INTESTINAL GLANDS
Found in the intestine
Secrete intestinal juice
Composition of intestinal juice
1. Mucin lubrication of food.
2. Enterokinase activates
typsinogen to trypsin.
3. Peptidases break,
polypeptide chains into
amino acids.
4. Nucleases break
nucleotides into
nitrogen bases,
phosphoric acids and
 5. Disaccharidases
could be maltase to
break maltose into
glucose, lactase to
break lactose into
galactose and glucose
or suckrase to break
sucrose into glucose
 PANCREAS
Found along the
peripheral surface of the
duodenum.
Secretes pancreatic juice
to the duodenum through
the pancreatic duct.
 COMPOSITION OF
PANCREATIC JUICE
1.Pancreatic amylase digests
starch and glycerol into
maltose.
2.Pancreatic lipase digest fats
into fatty acids.
3. Trypsinogen converted into
trypsin by the enterokinase,
digests proteins into
4. Chemotrypsimogen
activated to chemotrypsin
by trypsin, digests
polypeptides to amino
acids.
 LIVER
secretes bile which is
stored in the gall bladder.
bile emulsifies fat into
globules.
the largest gland in the
body
 OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE
LIVER:
1.Storage of glycogen.
2.Production of fibrinogen in
blood clotting.
3.Production of plasma proteins.
4.Site of protein synthesis.
5.Detoxification of nitrogenous
wastes by changing these
wastes into urea.
6. Destruction of worn-
out RBC
7. Formation and
storage of Vitamins A
and D.
8. Center for fat and
carbohydrates
 COMMON DIGESTIVE
DISEASES OR
DISORDERS
Peptic Ulcers are ulcers of the
stomach (gastric) or small
intestine (duodenal).
Appendicitis, acute
inflammation of the
vermiform appendix, a blind
tube projecting from the
caecum.
 Diarrhea, a frequent
passage of abnormally
loose, watery stool.
Diarrhea usually
develops suddenly and
may last from several
hours to a few days.
 Constipation, difficulty in
eliminating bowel
movements from the body.
Constipation, is usually
accompanied by the
passage of hard, dry stools
that may result in a tear in
the lining of the lower
rectum or anus, or more
often in painfully swollen