Chapter 6

Work and Kinetic Energy

 Units of Chapter 7
Definition
Work Done by a Constant Force
Work Done by a Variable Force
Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem
Power
 Definition

Energy work
Energy is a quantity In physics, work has a much
that can be converted more precise denition. By
from one form to making use of this denition
another but cannot be well nd that in any motion,
created or destroyed. In no matter how complicated,
an automobile engine, the total work done on a
chemical energy stored particle by all forces that act
in the fuel is converted on it equals the change in its
partially to the energy kinetic energya quantity
of the automobiles thats related to the particles
motion and partially to speed.
thermal energy.
 6-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
The definition of work, when the force is
parallel to the displacement:
(7-1)

SI unit: newton-meter (Nm) = joule, J

 6-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
If the force is at an angle to the displacement:

(7-3)
 6-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
The work can also be written as the dot
product of the force and the displacement:
 6-1 Work Done by a Constant Force

The work done may be positive, zero, or

negative, depending on the angle between the
force and the displacement:
 6-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
If there is more than one force acting on an
object, we can find the work done by each force,
and also the work done by the net force:

(7-5)
 6-2 Work Done by a Variable Force
If the force is constant, we can interpret the
work done graphically:

s = x2 - x1
 6-3 Work Done by a Varying Force
For a force that varies, the work can be
approximated by dividing the distance up into
small pieces, finding the work done during
each, and adding them up.
 6-3 Work Done by a Varying Force
In the limit that the pieces become
infinitesimally narrow, the work is the area
under the curve:

Or:
 6-3 Work Done by a Variable Force
The force needed to stretch a spring an amount
x is F = kx.
Therefore, the work
done in stretching
the spring is

(7-8)
 6-4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem
When positive work is done on an object, its
speed increases; when negative work is done,
its speed decreases.
 6-4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem
After algebraic manipulations of the equations
of motion, we find:

Therefore, we define the kinetic energy:

(7-6)
 6-4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy
Theorem

Work-Energy Theorem: The total work done on an

object is equal to its change in kinetic energy.

(7-7)
 6-5 Power
Power is a measure of the rate at which work is
done:

(7-10)

SI unit: J/s = watt, W

1 horsepower = 1 hp = 746 W
6-5 Power
 6-5 Power

If an object is moving at a constant speed in the

face of friction, gravity, air resistance, and so
forth, the power exerted by the driving force can
be written:

(7-13)
 Example 6.2 Work done by several forces
A farmer hitches her tractor to a sled loaded with firewood and pulls it a
distance of 20 m along level ground (Fig. 6.7a). The total weight of sled and
load is 14,700 N. The tractor exerts a constant 5000-N force at an angle of
above the horizontal. A 3500-N friction force opposes the sleds motion. Find
the work done by each force acting on the sled and the total work done by all
the forces.
Example 6.10 A power climb
A 50.0-kg marathon runner runs up the stairs to the top of Chicagos 443-m-tall
Willis Tower, the tallest building in the United States (Fig. 6.28). To lift herself
to the top in 15.0 minutes,what must be her average power ouut? Express
your answer in watts, in kilowatt, and in horsepower
 Summary of Chapter 6
If the force is constant and parallel to the
displacement, work is force times distance
If the force is not parallel to the displacement,

The total work is the work done by the net

force:
 Summary of Chapter 6

Work:
Work done by a variable force:

Kinetic energy is energy of motion:

 Summary of Chapter 6

SI unit of work: the joule, J

Total work is equal to the change in kinetic
energy:

where
 Summary of Chapter 6
Work done by a spring force:

Power is the rate at which work is done:

SI unit of power: the watt, W

 Created By
Erick Wirandha
Fati Andari Almahdini
Metta Pebrianti
TEKNIK MESIN B