Introduction Of Wind

Power
A wind turbine is a rotating machine which
converts the kinetic energy in wind into
mechanical energy. If the mechanical
energy is used directly by machinery, such
as a pump or grinding stones, the machine
is usually called a windmill. If the
mechanical energy is then converted to
electricity, the machine is called a wind
generator, wind turbine, wind power unit
(WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or
aero generator.
Types Of Wind Turbine
Types Of Wind Turbine
In the wind turbine business there are
basically two types of turbines to choose from,
vertical axis wind turbines and horizontal axis
wind turbines. They both have their
advantages and disadvantages and the
purpose of this article is to help you choose
the right system for your application.
 CONT.
Horizontal axis wind turbine dominate the majority of the
wind industry. Horizontal axis means the rotating axis of
the wind turbine is horizontal, or parallel with the ground.
In big wind application, horizontal axis wind turbines are
almost all you will ever see. However, in small wind and
residential wind applications, vertical axis turbines have
their place. The advantage of horizontal wind is that it is
able to produce more electricity from a given amount of
wind. So if you are trying to produce as much wind as
possible at all times, horizontal axis is likely the choice
for you. The disadvantage of horizontal axis however is
that it is generally heavier and it does not produce well in
turbulent winds.
 Vertical axis
In comes the vertical axis wind turbine. With vertical axis
wind turbines the rotational axis of the turbine stands
vertical or perpendicular to the ground. As mentioned
above, vertical axis turbines are primarily used in small wind
projects and residential applications. Vertical-Axis-Wind-
Turbine This niche comes from the OEMs claims of a vertical
axis turbines ability to produce well in tumultuous wind
conditions. Vertical axis turbines are powered by wind
coming from all 360 degrees, and even some turbines are
powered when the wind blows from top to bottom. Because
of this versatility, vertical axis wind turbines are thought to
be ideal for installations where wind conditions are not
consistent, or due to public ordinances the turbine cannot
be placed high enough to benefit from steady wind.
 Wind Turbine Classifications
Wind turbines can be Horizontal Single-bladed
axis separated into two types Double-
based by the axis in turbine Head- bladed
Triple-bladed
rotates. on Multi-bladed

Turbines that rotate around a

Horizontal axis are more common.

Durrie
Vertical axis Savories are less s
Savonius
frequently used
Vertical H-Rotor
-on
Size And Applications

Small ( 10 Intermediate(10-
kW) 250)
Homes Village Power
Farms Hybrid Systems
Remote Distributed Power
Application

Large (660 kW - 2+MW)

Central Station Wind
Farms
Distributed Power
Community Wind
Cumulative Installed Wind Turbine
Capacity
Top Ten Countries: 2010
Components Of Wind Turbine
 Converting Wind to
Mechanical Energy
Wind is converted by the blades of wind turbines. The
blades of the wind turbines are designed in two different
ways, the drag type and lift type.
Drag type: this blade design uses the force of the wind to
push the blades around. These blades have a higher
torque than lift designs but with a slower rotating speed.
The drag type blades were the first designs used to
harness wind energy for activities such as grinding and
sawing. As the rotating speed of the blades are much
slower than lift type this design is usually never used for
generating large scale energy.
Lift type: most modern HAWT use this design. Both sides of
the blade has air blown across it resulting in the air
taking longer to travel across the edges. In this way lower
air pressure is created on the leading edge of the blade,
Creating Electricity from Wind
To create electricity from wind the shaft of the
turbine must be connected to a generator. The
generator uses the turning motion of the shaft
to rotate a rotor which has oppositely charge
magnets and is surrounded by copper wire
loops. Electromagnetic induction is created by
the rotor spinning around the inside of the
core, generating electricity.
 Distribution of Electricity
The electricity generated by harnessing the
winds mechanical energy must go through a
transformer in order increase its voltage and
make it successfully transfer across long
distances. Power stations and fuse boxes
receive the current and then transform it to a
lower voltage that can be safely used by
business and homes.
 FARADAY'S LAW
ELECTROMAGNETIC .
INDUCTION
Faraday's law of induction describes a basic law of
electromagnetism, which is involved in the
working of transformers, inductors, and many
forms of electrical generators
Statement.
Whenever there is
variation of
Magnetic flex linked with
a coil an EMF is induced
in it
Or
An EMF is induced in a
How Does A Wind Turbine Work
 Scope In Pakistan
Pakistanis developingwind powerplants
injhimpir,gharo,keti bandarandbin qasimin sindh.
The government of Pakistan decided to develop wind
power energy sources due to problems supplying
energy to the southern coastal regions ofsindhand
Balochistan. The projects there are undertaken with
assistance of the government of China.Another area
with potential isswatwhich shows good wind
conditions and whose traditional leader Miangul
Adnan Aurangzeb works with investors interested in
wind power, once local political conditions would
improve
 Jhimpir Project
The Jhimpir Wind Power Plant is the first wind power
plant in Pakistan. TheWIND FARMis being developed
inJHIMPIR, by Zorlu Energy Pakistan the local
subsidiary of a Turkishcompany. The total cost of
project is $136 million.Completed in 2002, it has a total
capacity of 50 MW.
This wind Corridor has a 50000 megawatt potential with
average wind speeds over 7 meter per second. The
government of Pakistan has announced upfront tariff
and ROI of 17 percent which is highest in the world.
There are 14 projects in the pipeline out of which 50 MW
FFCEL project will achieve COD by mid December 2012.
 CONT.
Fauji Fertilizer Company Energy Limited, is building
49.5 MW wind Energy Farm atJHIMPIRnear
Karachi. Contract of supply of mechanical design
was awarded to nondex, a German wind turbine
manufacturer, and Descon Engineering Limited. By
the end of 2011 49.6 MW will be completed.
The Pakistani government has also issued a LOI for
a 100 MW Wind power plant to FFCEL. The
government has plans to achieve electric power up
to 250 MW by the end of 2015 from wind energy to
bring down energy shortage.
Wind Power Classification
In Pakistan
Wind Power Classification In
Karachi Sindh
 What are the Advantages?
Depending on the delivered fuel cost and the wind resource,
the payback can be in the range of 2 - 4 years.

The operating life of the wind turbine is 30+ years. A

secondary benefit is a 70- 90% drop in emissions, such as
carbon dioxide and particulates.

On a "per kWh" basis a small diesel generator produces 3

times the pollution of a coal power plant.

Wind power has no pollution at all.

 Advantages Of Wind Power
Environmental
-No air pollution
-No greenhouse gasses
-Does not pollute water with mercury
-No water needed for operations
Resource Diversity & Conservation
-Domestic energy source
-Inexhaustible supply
-Small, dispersed design reduces supply risk
Cost Stability
Economic Development
-Expanding Wind Power development brings jobs to rural communities
-Increased tax revenue
-Purchase of goods & services
 Disadvantages
Depending on how energetic a wind site is, the
wind farm may or may not be cost competitive.
Mind energy cannot be stored (unless batteries
are used)
Good wind sites are often located in remote
locations Mind resource development may
compete with other uses for the land and those
alternative uses may be more highly valued
than electricity generation. Sometimes birds
have been killed by flying into the rotors.
Wind Power Turbine Future
in Pakistan