THE REVOLUTION OF

1896
Chapter 11
THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN
After the discovery of Katipunan in August 19, 1896
Conflict between the employees of Diario de Manila
Bonifacio ordered his runners to inform Katipuneros
that there would be a meeting in Balintawak on
August 24.
This huge meeting was held at the yard of JUAN A. RAMOS,
the son of MELCHORA AQUINO (Tandang Sora), known as
the Mother of the Katipunan
It symbolized the determination of the Filipinos to fight for
independence even unto death.
This marked the start of the Philippine Revolution of 1896
MARTIAL LAW
Governor-General RAMON BLANCO issued a decree
on August 30 to prevent the spread of the revolution.
The FIRST EIGHT PROVINCES which rose in arms
Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga,
Tarlac and Nueva Ecija were placed under Martial Law.
The decree further provided that those who would surrender within
the 48 hours after the publication of the decree would not be tried
by the military court. This policy, known as BLANCOS POLICY OF
ATTRACTION, was intended to win over the Filipinos to the side of
the government and thus, end the rebellion.
TEJEROS CONVENTION
This is to determine whether Katipunan should be
changed into another government
First election in history
Aguinaldo (President)
Bonifacio (Director of Interior) opposed by DANIEL TIRONA
2nd MEETING AT TEJEROS
ACTA DE TEJEROS document that declared the nullification
of what has happened during the 1st Tejeros Convention
NAIK MILITARY AGREEMENT document that created a
government independent from that of Aguinaldo
Threat (Aguinaldo) execution of the Bonifacio Brothers (May 10,
1897)
BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC
Constitution (Cuban Constitution) Isabelo Artacho
Bill of Rights
Tagalog official language of the Republic
Supreme Council
Manifesto of July
Expulsion of the friars
Equality before the law
Representation of the Spanish Cortes
Freedom of the press
Pedro Paterno mediator between Governor General Primo de Rivera
(Spain) and Emilio Aguinaldo (Philippines)
Treaty of Biak na Bato (failure)
Aguinaldo voluntary exile in Hongkong
Primo de Rivera payment (Php800,000 - installment plus Php900,000)
THE STRUGGLE
CONTINUES
Chapter 12
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN
WAR
(immediate cause) explosion of the
American battleship Maine
Havana Harbor, Cuba
February 15, 1898
Sugar industry
Objectives of the USA in
getting the Philippines
Politico military: expansion of the
Americas naval influence making the
Philippines as a US first line defense of
the Asia Pacific
Economic sector: Philippines jumping
board to China
Religious factor: Protestantism
Battle of Manila Bay

Commodore George Dewey (USA) versus

Admiral Patricio Montojo (Spain)
It was the opening engagement of the
Spanish-American War.
Aguinaldo (Hongkong Philippines)

Dictatorial Government
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
Achievements:
Declaration fo Philippine independence June
12, 1898 (Kawit, Cavite)
Marcha Nacional Filipina composed by Julian
Felipe
Reorganization of the local government
Revolutionary Government

Creation of 4 departments (Foreign Affairs,

Navy and Commerce, War and Public Works,
Department of Police)
Creation of Congress
Malolos Congress
Ratification of the proclamation of Philippine
independence
Malolos Constitution 3 branches of the government
Filipino American Hostilities
CAUSES:
Mock Battle of Manila surrender of the Spaniards
to the Americans
Signing of the Treaty of Paris December 10, 1898
Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation by
President William McKinley December 21, 1898
Official indication of American intention to stay in the
Philippines
Unang Putok February 4, 1899 (immediate
cause)
Causes of Defeat
(Philippines)
Poorly armed
Poorly trained
Poorly fed
No discipline
American Offensives
North
Battle of Bagbag River (Antonio Luna, Gregorio Del Pilar and Tomas Mascardo)
Battle of Tirad Pass (Gregorio Del Pilar) secret passage
Disclosed by an Igorot, Januario Galut

Visayas
Martin Delgado (Iloilo) burning of cities prevent the enemies from using it as a
base of operation
Negros (easy pacification)
Negros Constitution

Mindanao
Muslims (diplomacy)
Bates Treaty (General John C. Bates)
Peace agreement with the Sultan of Jolo
Assassination of Antonio
Luna
Recommendation of disarming the Kawit
Company (Aguinaldos bodyguard)
insubordination
Aguinaldo did not act
June 5, 1899 assassination
Capture of Aguinaldo

Cecilio Segismundo Aguinaldos messenger

who fell into the hands of Col. Frederick Funston
April 1, 1901 capture
Took the oath of allegiance
Ended the Malolos Republic
Balangiga Massacre Americans worst
single defeat
Brutalities
An instrument to weaken an enemys resistance
Americans
Tortures (water cure, rope cure)
Arson burning of cities
Zonification / rconcentration camps
Filipinos
Noses and ears were lopped off
Bleeding wounds seasoned with salt
American prisoners were buried alive
Kicking, slapping, spitting at the faces
American Occupation

Military Government (Aug. 14, 1898)

Wesley Meritt first military governor
General Elwell Otis
General Arthur McArthur last military
governor
BAP (McKinley)
Achievements of the
Military Government
Schools were opened Thomasites
Civil courts were opened
Municipal governments were opened
divide et impera divide and rule
collaborators versus separators