Ospf neighborship

Requirements to become
neighbor
1.Primary IP of interface must be
in same subnet
2.Must be in same area
3.Hello interval and Dead interval
must be same
4.IP MTU must match
5.Router ID must be unique
6.Interface must not be passive
 Two ospf routers become neighbor
with the help of hello packet hello
packet are sent on specific
Interval. There is different interval
for different network types.
Broadcast network = 10 sec
Point to point = 10 sec
Point to multipoint = 30 sec
NBMA = 30 sec
Point to point non broadcast = 30
sec
 Data in hello packets
OSPF router ID
Stub area flag
Hello interval DR IP address
Dead interval
BDR IP
Subnet mask
address
List of
neighbors
Authentication
Area ID
digest
Router
proprietary
 How neighborship performed
RID=1.1.1.1 RID 2.2.2.2
R2
R1

1. R1 will send hello on own exit

interface and said that I am 1.1.1.1
2. R2 will receive the hello packet and
verify the requirements that are
following
Hello time and Dead timer
Area ID
Authentication
Netmask
This state is known as Init State
If Required requirements are not full
field neighborship will goes to down
state
3. If requirements, R2 will sent Reply
hello and said that I am 2.2.2.2
This state is know as two way state
4. Now R1 will receive the reply and R1
knows that opposite router is ready
for neigbhorship and we can
exchange the Data base
This state is known as Exstart
state
5. Now master and slave will be
identified
Master and slave are identified on
basis of concept same as DR and BDR
election
6. Now Master will send DBD (like cliff
note of database) to slave router
Description is sent to save the
bandwidth because target router may
know about the networks
7. Now Slave will send LSR for detail of
network that is no listed in database of
slave == This state is know as Loading
state
8. Master will reply with LSU and
Request for detail of network that
found in DBD.
9. Slave will send LSAck for
received update from master and
send LSU to master
10. Master will send LSAck

After exchanging all database

routers will goes to Full state
States of OSPF neighborship
1. Down = NO hello has been
received
2. Attempt = Used when manual
neighbor is configured but
before receiving hello from
opposite neighbor
3. Init = Hello is received by
opposite neighbor and verifying
neighborship parameter.
4. 2way = All parameters are
verified by neighbor
4. Exstart = Negotiation of sequence
number and master/slave for DBD
packet exchange.
5. Exchange = Negotiation is finished
and DBD packet exchange is started
6. Loading = All DBD packets are
exchanged and router are sending
LSR, LSU and LSAck to exchange full
LSA
7. Full = Neighbor are fully adjacent.
Now routing table calculation will
begin.
 How to check OSPF neighbors
#Show ospf neighbor
How to check Hello timer and Dead
timer
#show ip ospf interfcae
or
#show ip ospf interface f0/0
How to change hello interval
(config)#int f0/0
(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 9
(config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval 36
 How to set dead interval 1 second
and hello 4 times in one seconds
(config)#int f0/0
(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval
minimal
hello-multiplier 4
4 is number of attempts in one
second, value can be 3-20

How to change MTU

(config)#int f0/0
(config-if)#ip mtu 1400
 Controlling neighborship
We control neighborship with
the help of following options
1. Passive interface
2. Authentication
How to configure the interface as
passive
(config)#router ospf 3
(config-router)#passive
interface f0/0
 Authentication
There are 3 types of
authentications

Type1 = default no
authentication
Type2 = clear text authentication
Type3 = MD5 authentication
 Simple authentication
(config)#router ospf 3
(config-if)#area 0 authentication

(Config)#int f0/0
(config-if)#ip ospf
authentication-key cisco
 MD5 authentication
(config)#router ospf 3
(config-if)#area 0 authentication
message-digest

(Config)#int f0/0
(config-if)#ip ospf message-
digest-key 1 md5
cisco1