DRILLING

Is a process for producing holes (process menghasilkan lubang )

Machine used for drilling is called drilling machine (mesin yang digunakan
untuk mengerudi dikenali sebagai mesin gerudi)
Most common drill used is twist drill
 Drilling Machine & Part
1. Base - Provides a solid foundation for the machine (menyediakan satu
sokongan asas yang kuat untuk mesin)
2. Pillar provide a solid support for the drill head and work table
(menyediakan satu sokongan padu untuk kepala gerudi dan meja kerja)
3. Worktable Provides a flat surface in correct alignment with the drill spindle
upon which the work piece can be positioned (menyediakan satu permukaan
rata dalam satu penjajaran yang betul dengan spinde gerudi dimana benda
kerja boleh diletakan dengan betul
4. Motor Provides the drive to the spindle through a five step of pulley
system and two-speed gearbox (menyediakan panduan kepada spindle
melalui 5 langkah sistem pulley dan 2 speed gearbox
5. Handwheel Provides feed to the drill by means of a rack and pinion on the
quill
6. Quill Is the housing inside which the spindle rotates
7. Spindle Provides the drive to the spindle through a 5 step pulley system
and a 2 speed gear box
8. Deph stop Provides a mean of drilling a number of holes to a constant speed
 Twist drill
Common cutting tools used in drilling machines
2 types of twist drill
1. High-speed steel drill (HSS)
2. Carbide tipped drills
. Twist drill is very strong to withstand :
-High torque of turning
-Downward of pressure on drill
-High generated by friction
 Straight Shank
-For drill size 13mm or less
-Usually hold by chuck drill

Taper shank
-For drill size more than 13mm
-Installed at spindle machine
 Method of holding drill bits
Drill chuck
-Design to hold straight shank drills of difference sizes (direka untuk
memegang straight shank dengan saiz yang berbeza)

Drill sleeve
-Used to hold taper shank drills whose taper is less than the hole of the
spindle (Digunakan untuk memegang taper shank drill dimana taper adalah
kecil daripada lubang spindle)

Drill socket
-Used for the drills whose taper is larger than the sleeve (Digunakan untuk
drill dimana taper adalah lebih besar daripada sleeve)

Drilling machine spindle

-Have the spindle bored to a morse standard taper which is approximately
1:20
 Types of drill

Center Drill
-two fluted twist drill with straight shank
-used to make the center holes on the end of the shaft

Straight fluted drill

-Used for drilling brass, and non ferrous materials

Twist drill
-Most common drill

Step drill
-Produces holes of two or more different diameters

Core drill
-Used to make a existing hole bigger
 Installing the drill bit

Clean up the spindle socket and drill shank of all dirt,chips and
burrs. (Bersihkan spindle soket dan drill shank daripada kotoran)
To remove tough burr use small tile inside the soket (untuk
membuka burr yang kuat gunakan tile yang kecil didalam soket)
Slip the tang of the drill or geared drill chuck into the sleeve and
align the tang into the keyway slot
Tap the end of the drill lightly with soft hammer to seat it firmly
Other method, to install drill into sleeve to place a block of wood
on the machine table and force the drill down on to the block
 Calculation for drilling
Two important factor
-Diameter and material of cutting tool
-Type of material being cut

Economical Drilling Speed Variables

-Type and hardness of material ( jenis dan kekerasan objek )
-Diameter and material of drill (diameter dan bahan gerudi)
-Depth hole (kedalaman lubang)
-Type and condition of drill press (jenis dan kondisi drill press_
 Cutting Fluid

Provide both cooling and absorbation

Properties of an effective liquid in dissipating heat
-Able to absorb heat rapidly
-Have a good resistance to evaporation
-Have high thermal conductivity

Type of Coolants
Oil
- good lubricant , poor coolant
- Flameable
Water
-best coolant , no lubricating value (promotes rust)
-has the ability to carry heat away
 Function of coolant
Improve part quality
Reduce tooling cost
Increase cutting speeds and feeds
Improved surface finishes
Rust and corrosion prevention

Disadvantage of coolant
-straight oils include poor heat dissipating properties and increased
fire risk
-Create a mist or smoke that result in an unsafe work environment for
the machine operator
-Water makes soluble oils more susceptible to rust control problem
 Safety precaution while drilling operation

Never makes any adjustment while the machine operating

Do not operate the drill machine after you passed all the safety
requirement
Keep all the loose clothing away from turning tools
Keep all guards in place while operating
Always wear eye protection while operating any drilling machine