OPTIMIZATION OF SHOPPING CENTRE

AIR CONDITIONING BY
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

1.ABSTRACT 3 METHODOLOGY

4.RESULT AND
2.INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION

5.CONCLUSION
 ABSTRACT
In the early 1900s there was a new initiative to keep buildings cool for
comfort. Cooling the New York Stock Exchange, in 1902, was one of the first
comfort cooling systems. Comfort cooling was called air conditioning. Air-
conditioning technology has developed since 1900 through the joint
accomplishments of science and engineering. Advances in thermodynamics,
fluid mechanics, electricity, electronics, construction, materials, medicine,
controls and social behavior are the building blocks to better engineered
products of air conditioning. Energy consumption in a building is affected by
many factors, including air conditioning. In this paper, we focused on Mall Air
Conditioning. Nowadays air conditioning consumes 40% energy in a mall, not
only from its design but also mostly on its operation. With its high-energy
consumption, operation cost becomes higher. With that relation it can be
concluded that the operation of air conditioning is not efficient. Aside from the
operational energy and cost, the use of air conditioning causes Green House
Gas emissions and the destruction of the earths protective ozone layer. From
those relations, the paper title Optimization of Shopping Centre Air
Conditioning by Programmable Logic Controller aims to examine the methods
to get the efficiency, and low carbon building by using programmable
controllers. The use of programmable controllers can determine the operation
of the air conditioner, which is the main cause of low efficiency by interfacing
with human machine interface. This paper conducts literature search as the
 INTRODUCTION
The commercial and residential building stock is responsible for 40% of the
U.S. primary energy consumption, 40% of the greenhouse gas emissions,
and 70% of the electricity use. Among all the energy consumed in buildings,
50% of it is directly related to space heating, cooling, and ventilation.
Therefore, reducing building energy consumption by designing smart control
mechanism to operate the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
system in a more efficient way is critically important to address the nations
energy and environmental concerns. In the literature, various HVAC control
mechanisms are proposed to reduce energy cost through storage of thermal
energy, co-design of HVAC control and embedded plat-form, minimization of
total and peak energy consumption using Model Predictive Control (MPC)
algorithm, and so on. The goal of HVAC design in buildings is to provide
comfort to the occupants. Because heating and cooling loads vary with the
time of the day and of the year, an HVAC system must be complemented
with a good control scheme to maintain comfort under any load conditions.
Good control will also reduce energy use by keeping the process variables
(temperature, pressure etc.) to their set point efficiently. The HVAC system
may also be responsible for providing fresh outdoor air to dilute interior
airborne contaminates such as odors from occupants, volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) emitted from interior furnishings, chemical used for
METHODOLOGY
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 CONCLUSION
This paper study aimed to understand the energy performance of a
shopping centre and develop HVAC control scenarios to minimize
energy usage using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). To
initialise a case study in the shopping centre that has been studied,
a methodology is developed. This methodology has four phases,
namely: (a) definition of building characteristics and HVAC system
by conducting an energy audit; (b)planning an action plan; (c)
implementation of the site study; and (d) completion by comparing
the results with the proceeding values. To start a retrofit study in the
shopping centre, an energy audit study is performed and the
potential for energy savings is investigated. The characteristics of
the building and its HVAC system are defined. Within the frame work
of the energy audit study, the performance of the building is
investigated. As a result, the building electricity and fossil fuel (LPG)
consumption are defined as medium level and low level,
respectively. Control scenarios of AHUs are deeply investigated and
the revisions are made. The HVAC control strategies, such as
optimum startstop, FOC and night purge, are implemented. The
control loops and parameters are tuned due to the characteristics of