GSM Handover Algarithm

GSM Handover
Algorithm
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
Handover is a key technology of mobile communication
system and make continued conversation possible.
Handover algorithm in Huawei product is flexible and
powerful.

Page2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Outline the types of handover

Master handover judgment flow

Understand algorithm of different handovers
Explain HO data configuration

Page3
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. HO Algorithm Process

Page4
Contents

Page5
Purposes of HO
To keep a continuous communication with a moving MS
To improve network service performance

To reduce the call drop rate

To reduce the congestion rate

Page6
Classification by Reason
No DL MR Emergency HO
Timing Advance (TA) HO
1 Emergency HO Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality (BQ) HO
2 Enhanced Dual Band HO
Classification
by
3 Load HO
Reason EDGE HO
PBGT HO
4 Normal HO Layer HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Concentric Cell HO
AMR HO

Page7
Classification by Synchronization
MSC NSS Network MSC
BSC BSC BSC
BTS
BTS
CELL BTS BTS BTS
Case 2 Case 3 Case 4

Case 1 Case 5
Synchronous Handover: the target BTS shall not send PHY INFO message
Asynchronous Handover: the target BTS shall send PHY INFO message

Page8
Classification by Equipment and
Channel
Intra Cell HO ( HRFR)
Inter Cell HO TCH TCH
Intra BSC HO
SDCCH SDCCH
Intra MSC HO
SDCCH TCH
(Direct Retry)
Inter MSC HO

Page9
Contents

Page10
Contents
2.1 General HO Process
2.2 Measure and Measurement Result Report
2.3 Measurement Report Preprocessing
2.4 Handover Judgment
2.5 Handover Implementation

Page11
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated
Mode
Measure and Measurement Result

1
Report
Measurement Report
2
Preprocessing
Handover
3
Judgment
Handover
4
Implementation
MS Goes into New Dedicated
Mode

Page12
General HO Process
Mode

1
Report
Measurement Report
2
Preprocessing
Handover
3
Judgment
Handover
4
Implementation
Mode

Page13
Measurement Report
Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and quality.
Downlink MR includes downlink receiving level, downlink
receiving quality of the serving cell and other downlink
receiving levels from the neighbor cells.
The downlink measurement report

The downlink MR of the neighbor cell (BCCH)
The uplink MR
Serving cell
Neighbor cell

Page14
Measurement Report

Page15
Period of Measurement Report
The downlink MR is sent to BTS in SACCH uplink

The interval is 480ms/per time when MS is on TCH

The interval is 470ms/per time when MS is on SDCCH
480ms 4 TCH Multi-

frames
12TCH 1SACCH 12TCH 1 Idle

Page16
General HO Process
Mode

1
Report
Measurement Report
2
Preprocessing
Handover
3
Judgment
Handover
4
Implementation
Mode

Page17
MR Preprocessing
Interpolation Filtering
Recover the lost Smooth the
measurement report instantaneous fading
point
MR Preprocessing

Page18
MR Interpolation
R Flow
usM
tinu
o
Con MR
MR
MR
No. n+4
MR
MR

No. n Missing by
some reasons

Page19
MR Filtering
ow
R Fl MR
u ous M MR
tin MR
Con
MR
MR
MR

Filter----Average several
consecutive MRs

Page20
Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing

Page21
Preprocessing

Page22
Preprocessing

Page23
Preprocessing

Page24
General HO Process
MS Goes into Penalty Processing
Dedicated Mode
Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO
1Measure and Measurement OM Forced HO

Result Report Load HO
Normal HO
Direct Retry
2 MR. Preprocessing Edge HO
Emergency HO
No DL MR HO MS Fast Moving HO
3 Handover Judgment
TA HO Layer HO
Interference HO PBGT HO
4Handover Implementation
Rx_Level_Drop HO Concentric Cell HO

MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode Bad Quality HO AMR HO

Page25
Penalty Processing
Punish on
the target
cell Emergency
HO Fails (TA&BQ)HO
Punish on the
AMR HO original cell
Fails
Penalty MS Fast
Moving
HO
Concentric Punish on other

Intra-cell Cell HO high priority layer
HO cells

Page26
Penalty for Handover Failure
Punish the target cell when a HO fails.
This is to avoid the MS to select this cell again in next HO
judgment.
Cell A
BTS
HO Fail
BTS
BSC
Cell B

Page27
Data Configuration of Penalty for
Handover Failure

Page28
Handover Failure

Page29
Penalty for Emergency
Handover
Punish the original cell when an emergency HO ( due to
BQ and TA) occurs.
Cell A
BTS
BQ&TA HO
BSC
Cell B

Page30
Emergency Handover

Page31
Emergency Handover

Page32
Penalty for MS Fast-moving
Handover
Giving penalty on the other three layers(Non-umbrella Layer )
after MS handovers to Umbrella cell by fast-moving-HO.
This is to keep MS staying in the umbrella cell and avoid
frequent HO.
Back? No way!
Umbrella
Micro cell

Page33
MS Fast-moving Handover

Page34
Penalty for Concentric Cell
A new concentric cell HO is prohibited within a penalty
time after a concentric cell HO failure.
Do not
attempt again
after N failed
HO(U->O)!
Overlaid Do not attempt

again during
penalty time
Underlaid after one failed
HO(O->U)!

Page35
Concentric Cell

Page36
Penalty for Enhanced Concentric
Cell
A new UO HO is prohibited within a penalty time
after a OU HO is performed successfully.
Overlaid
Do not
attempt back
Underlaid too fast!

Page37
Enhanced Concentric Cell

Page38
Penalty for Intra-cell HO
A new intra-cell HO is prohibited if it occurs too frequently.
Intra-cell
HO Time
4th.
3rd.
2nd.
1st.
Penalty time
0 3 7 12 32 T (s)
Max. consecutive HO times: 3

Forbidden time after Max. times: 20s
Interval for consecutive HO Jud: 6s

Page39
Data Configuration of Penalty
for Intra-cell HO

Page40
AMR FRHR Handover Failure

Page41
General HO Process
Dedicated Mode

Normal HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
3 Handover Judgment
TA HO Layer HO

MS Goes into New

Page42
Ranking Processing
Basic ranking Network feature adjustment
M rule 16 bits ranking

K rule
The ranking result: target cell selection of handover

Page43
M Rule
Begin
Yes
Finish to all
neighbor cells? End
No
No An BSC external Yes No No Delete the cell from
neighboring Direct retry? [Inter-BSC SDCCH HO
cell& the current channel is Allowed] is Yes? the cell list?
SDCCH ? Yes
Yes
?If the cell flow is overload

Yes
No
RX_LEV_DL(n) < [Min DL

Power Yes Delete this cell from
on HO Candidate Cell](n)+
the cell list
[Min Access Level Offset]
(s)?
No For service cell:

Min Access Level Offset=0 M rule will remove the
RX_LEV_UL(n) < [Min UP Power on HO Yes neighbor
Candidate Cell](s)+ cells from the candidate
[Min Access Level Offset](s)?
cell list
No
according to the flow.

Page44
Data Configuration of M Rule

Page45
Data Configuration of M Rule

Page46
K Rule
Flow of calculating K value.
Cell B
Begin Cell A Cell C
Cell F Serving Cell Cell D

Yes
Finish to calculate Cell E
value K to all cells? End
No
Yes No
Serving cell? E
Receiving
K = RX_LEV (n) RX_LEV Level
K=0 A
(s) Serving
Cell F C D B
Cell
All the candidate cells are ranked in descending order according to

the K value

Page47
Network Feature Adjustment
After network feature adjustment, all the candidate cells
have their own 16 bits value.
The smaller the value is, the higher the handover priority
and position of the cell are in the candidate cell list, then it
is possible to be the candidate cell.
w es t
The Lo
1 t
3 2 Weigh
6 5 4
8 7
hest 9
The Hig 12 11 10
Weight 14 13
16 15

Page48
The 1st~3rd bits
The bit value indicates the priority of downlink receiving level
according to the cell signal level and the penalty process
taking place beforehand.
The values come from max. 6 candidate cells and 1
serving cell according to the level ranges from 000~110.
The value for the cell with the strongest signal level is
000.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Page49
The 4th bit: Inter-cell HO hysteresis bit.
Note: In PBGT HO, whichever the greater of the inter-cell ( of
the same layer ) hysteresis and PBGT threshold, that value
will be used in the PBGT HO.
Yes Is serving cell? No
RX_LEV_DL (n) >=

Always set to Yes
RX_LEV_DL (s) +
Set to 0
0 [Inter-cell HO
hysteresis]
No
Set to1
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Page50
Data Configuration of Inter-cell HO
Hysteresis

Page51
The 5th~10th bits
The bit value is decided according to their position in Huawei
hierarchical network structure.
Huawei cell layers can be divided into 4 layers and each layer
can be further divided into 16 different priorities.
So there are 64 different priorities in Huawei hierarchical cell
structure.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Page52
Hierarchical Cell Structure
Umbrella Cell GSM 900 Layer 4

low
GSM 900 GSM 900

Layer 3
GSM900 Cell
GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800

Layer 2
GSM1800 Cell
GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900

Layer 1
Micro Cell GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800 high

Page53
Data Configuration of Cell
Hierarchical Network Structure

Page54
The 11th bit: The bit value is decided by cell-load-sharing
criterion.
This bit is affected by 14th bit.
Yes 11th bit is
System load>=[System Flux Threshold for Load
HO] or [Load HO Allowed ] =No ? turned off
No
Yes No
Is serving cell?
No cell load >=[ Load No

Cell load >= [Load Rep.
HO Threshold](s)? on Candidate Cell]
(n)?
Yes Yes
set to 0 set to 1 set to 1 set to 0
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Page55
Data Configuration of Cell-load-
sharing

Page56
Data Configuration of Cell-load-
sharing

Page57
12th bit and 13th bit: Whether share the same BSC or MSC.
Yes No
Is serving cell?
Both 12th and 13th set to Yes

Is [Co-BSC/MSC No Turn off
0 Adj] yes? 12th &13th bit
Yes No
Co-BSC?
Yes No
Co-MSC?
The same Different Different

BSC: BSC: MSC:
12th set to 0 12th set to 1 12th set to 0
13th set to 0 13th set to 0 13th set to 1
See 14th bit
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Page58
Data Configuration of Co-
BSC&MSC

Page59
The 14th bit: Layer HO threshold adjustment bit.
Yes No
Is serving cell?
Yes RX_LEV_DL >= [Inter-layer HO RX_LEV_DL >= [Inter-layer HO Yes

Threshold] [Inter-layer HO Threshold] + [Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis]? Hysteresis]?
No Bit 14th set to 1, and No

bit
set to 0 set to 0
5 ~13 are turned
th th
off
The 15th/16th bits are reserved
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Page60
Data Configuration of Layer HO
Threshold Adjustment

Page61
General HO Process
Dedicated Mode

Normal HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
3 Handover Judgment
TA HO Layer HO

MS Goes into New

Page62
No DL MR HO
When the quality of Um interface become worse and
worse, it is for the worse uplink quality that MS can not
deliver downlink MR, while the downlink quality is not bad
enough for MS to receive the downlink message normally.
Bad
uplink
quality
Serving Cell Neighboring Cell

Page63
Position of No DL MR HO
Penalty Processing
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode

Normal HO
MR. Preprocessing
Direct Retry
2
Edge HO
Emergency HO
TA HO Layer HO
3 Handover Judgment
MS Goes into New Bad Quality HO AMR HO

Dedicated Mode

Page64
No DL MR HO
Begin
UL_Qua. (after
filering)
No >=[No Dl Mr.Ul Qual
Is [No Dl Mr. HO HO Limit]?
Allowed] Yes ? Yes
Yes Only one No
Yes
cadidate cell?
No Report 1 DL MR at
lease?
No Select the candidate
Yes Is serving cell?
cell
No <=[Cons.No Dl Yes with the highest
Mr. No
Ho Allowed [Intrecell priority,
Limit]? HOAllowed]? exluding serving cell
Yes Yes
No >= signal quality >=[Forbidden
No time
filter length? after MAX
Times]?
Yes Yes
No No Dl Mr. in Trigger
current Mr.? No DL Mr. HO
Yes signal quality filter length:

For TCH:[Filter Length for TCH
End Qual]
For SDCCH:[Filter Length for
SDCCH Qual]

Page65
Data Configuration of No DL MR
HO

Page66
TA(Time Advance) HO
Handover
Triggering
TA(s) TA(n)
Handover Triggering Zone
TA Threshold(n)
TA Threshold(s)
or
Time

Page67
TA(Time Advance) HO
Begin
No Is [TA HO Select the cell with the

Allowed]
highest priority in the
Yes ?
Yes cadidate cell list
No The actual TA >= Yes

End Is serving cell?
[TA Threshold]?
No
Yes
Yes
No TA(n is in the same BTS)
Any neighbour
cell <=[TA Threshold](s)?
exist? No
Yes
No
Suitable cell
exist?
Yes
Trigger
TA handover

Page68
Data Configuration of TA HO

Page69
Interference Handover
RX_Lev
Handover Triggering
Zone
Lev_Thr
Qual_Thr Rx_Qual
Interference
Origin

Page70
Interference HO
Begin
Select the cell with

Is [Interference the
No
HO highest priority in the
Allowed] Yes ? cadidate cell list
Yes
Yes No
Is serving cell?
No UL or DL
End receiving
Quality(s)>=A?
No Rx_Level(n)>=
Yes No
[Intracell HO Allowed] yes [Inter-layer HO Threshold](n) +
& cell not punished? [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis](n)?
No Any neighbour
cell
Yes Yes
exist?
Yes
No Any suitable cell
None AMR FR: exist?
A = RXQUALn, 1<=n<=12 Yes
AMR FR: Trigger
A = RXQUAL1, n=1; interference handover
A = RXQUALn + RXLEVoff,
2<=n<=12

Page71
Data Configuration of Interference
HO
Default Value
Receiving Level(-110dBm) Receiving Quality
Parameter
RXQUAL1 <=30 70
RXQUAL2 =31 60
RXQUAL3 32~35 59
RXQUAL4 36~38 58
RXQUAL5 39~41 57
RXQUAL6 42~45 56
RXQUAL7 46~48 55
RXQUAL8 49~52 54
RXQUAL9 53~55 53
RXQUAL10 56~58 52
RXQUAL11 59~62 51
RXQUAL12 >=63 50

Page72
Data Configuration of Interference
HO

Page73
Rx_Level_Drop HO

Page74
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Begin
No [Rx_Level_Drop Select the cell with

HO the
Allowed] Yes ? highest priority in the
Yes cadidate cell list
Satisfy the Formula&
No The lastest RX_LEV_UL(s) < Yes No
End [Edge HO UL RX_LEV Is serving cell?
Threshold]?
No Priority is higher
End than
Yes
serving cell?
No Any neighbour Yes
cell Trigger
exist? Rx_Level_Drop
Yes handover
Formula A1 10 X 1 A2 10 X 2 A3 10 X 3 A4 10 X 4
: A5 10 X 5 A6 10 X 6 A7 10 X 7 A8 10 X 8 B

Page75
Data Configuration of Rx_Level_Drop
HO

Page76
BQ(Bad Quality) HO
Begin
No Is [BQ HO Select the cell with

Allowed] the
Yes ? highest priority in
Yes the
cadidate cell list
UL_Rx_Q(s)>=[UL Qual.
No
End Threshold] or DL_Rx_Q(s) Yes No
>=[DL Qual. Threshold]? Is serving cell?
RX_LEV_DL (n) >

Yes No RX_LEV_DL (s) No
[Intracell HO Allowed] yes + Inter-cell HO
No & cell not punished? hysteresis(s)
Any neighbour
cell -BQ HO Margin(s) ?
Yes Yes
exist?
Yes
No Suitable cell
exist?
Yes
Trigger
BQ
handove
r

Page77
Data Configuration of BQ HO

Page78

Page79

Page80
General HO Process
Dedicated Mode

Normal HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
3 Handover Judgment
TA HO Layer HO

MS Goes into New

Page81
Enhanced Dual Band HO
Enhanced dual band cell is two different band cells which
locate a common site, and have the same azimuth.
Purpose

During the procedure of channel assignment and handover,
900M cell and 1800M cell can share their resource.

Assign the channel with low load in UL to MS preferentially.

Make MS handover from the high load cell to the low load
cell.

Page82
Channel Assignment of Enhanced Dual
Band HO
TCH assignment (SDCCH channel in UL)
Begin
from UL
No [Assignment Yes
Optimization
of UL Subcell Allowed
or not] ?
No Cell load of UL > Yes
[UL Subcell General
Overload Threshold(%)]?
Yes
No
A
Assign TCH in UL
or direct retry No Any idle TCH Yes
identification
Available in OL?
or queuing
Assign TCH
RX_LEV_OL>= [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)] and in OL
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >[Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
Attention:
RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency
band and layer
with underlaid subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this
value is -110dBm
If [ATCBHoSwitch] is [Close], the second condition is turn off.

Page83
Data Configuration of Channel
Assignment

Page84
Assignment

Page85
Channel Assignment of Enhanced Dual Band
HO
TCH assignment (SDCCH channel in OL)
Begin
from OL
No [Assignment Yes
Optimization
of OL Subcell Allowed
or
not ] No ?
Cell load of UL<
Yes No
[UL Subcell Lower
Load Threshold]?
Assign TCH
in UL Yes Any idle TCH No
Available in OL?
Assign TCH
Assign TCH in OL in OL
or direct retry No Any idle TCH Yes
identification Available in UL?
or queuing
Assign TCH
in UL

Page86
Assignment

Page87
Enhanced Dual Band HO
Classification of TCH HO in enhanced dual band HO
UL to OL
for high load in
UL
OL to UL
for low load in UL OL to UL for
moving

Page88
Enhanced Dual Band
HO(UO
)
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from UL to OL for high load
in UL

Page89
Enhanced Dual Band
HO(UO )
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from UL to OL for high load in UL
[Load HO From UL
Subcell No
Begin to OL Subcell Allowed] End
Yes ?
Yes
Refresh cell Cell load of UL>=[UL Subcell
load Yes No
Serious Overload
per second Threshold(%)]?
B-C B
No Cell load of UL>=[UL Subcell

General Overload Adjust HO zone
Threshold(%)]? basing
on HO step and HO
Yes period
A & Satisfy P/N & Yes
No No
not within penalty Any MS in HO
time? zone?
B=[UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Yes

Period(s)] Trigger
C=[Modified Step Length of UL Load HO UL to OL
Period(s)]
HO step: [Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO(dB)]
HO zone: [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)]~-47dBm
HO Period: [UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s)]
RX_LEV_OL >= [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)] and
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) > [Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]

Page90
Data Configuration of Enhanced
Dual Band HO(UO )

Page91
Dual Band HO(UO )

Page92
Enhanced Dual Band
HO(OU
) for TCH HO from OL to UL for moving
Triggering condition
Begin
Ye
s No
A End
Yes
No
Satisfy P/N? Generally, Object cell maybe
Yes UL or other neighbor
cell is
Select Neighbor cell
with the highest priority
Trigger
OL to UL
RX_LEV_OL <[Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)] or

A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) < [Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
[Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL and OL
Subcells(dB)]

Page93
Dual Band HO(OU )

Page94
Enhanced Dual Band
HO(OU
)
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from OL to UL for low load in UL

Page95
Enhanced Dual Band
HO(OU
) for TCH Load HO from OL to UL for low load
Triggering condition
in UL
Begin
End
[Load HO of OL Subcell No
to UL Subcell Enable]
Yes ? Confirm:
HO zone and HO
Yes step
Refresh cell
load No
Any MS in HO
per second zone?
Yes
Cell load of UL <[UL The object cell must
No Subcell be
Lower Load Trigger OL to UL
the underlaid subcell
Threshold(%)]?
and satisfy condition
Yes A
No
Satisfy P/N?
Yes
HO zone: [Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)] ~ -47dBm

HO step: [Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO(dB)]
A: RX_LEV_UL >= Inter-layer HO Threshold + Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis

Page96
Dual Band HO(OU )

Page97
General HO Process
Dedicated Mode

Normal HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
3 Handover Judgment
TA HO Layer HO

MS Goes into New

Page98
Load HO
Handover triggering zone
Load of Serving Cell Load of Neighboring Cell
Load HO Threshold
Load Req. on Candidate Cell
Time
Normal Cell Congested Cell
Congested Cell
Congested Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell

Page99
Load HO
As load HO may trigger several HOs, we need to consider
the CPU load (system flow level) before triggering it. In
addition, load HO is executed step by step, that is, the
edge HO thrsh. raises according to certain step and
period and will stop when out of the Load HO Zone.
Load HO zone Normal HO border
Cell A Cell B
Load HO bandwidth
CONF_HO_RXLEV+CLS_Offset Edge HO threshold
CONF_HO_RXLEV
CONF_HO_RXLEV+CLS_Ramp
Load HO step level

Page100
Load HO
Normal Cell
Congested Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell

Page101
Load HO
Begin Select the cell with the
highest
No Is [Load HO priority in the cadidate cell
Allowed] list
YesYes
?
Yes
Is serving cell?
Current system flux<=
End [System Flux Threshold No
No for Load HO]? Yes No
Yes BSC internal cell?
No No
No Load of service cell C&D C
>=
[Load HO
Threshold]? Yes Yes
Yes
No No Yes Trigger
Load HO timer End Suitable cell
T begin? load
Star timer exist? handover
T
Yes
No Yes B: [Edge HO_DL_RX_LEV
Load HO timer Threshod]<DL_RX_Lev(s)
T overflow? < [Edge HO_DL_RX_LEV Threshod]+A
Caculate A= C: RX_LEV (n)>= [Inter-layer HO
CaculateA= Threshold] +
T [Load HO
( 1) Step Bandwidth] [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis]
Period
D: load(n)< Load Req. on Candidate Cell
No Yes Step: [Load HO Step Level]
B Period: [Load HO Step Period]
[Load HO Bandwidth]
Step A [Load HO Bandwidth] 0 T ( 1) Period
Step

Page102
Data Configuration of Load HO

Page103
General HO Process
Dedicated Mode

Normal HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
3 Handover Judgment
TA HO Layer HO

MS Goes into New

Page104
Edge Handover
Handover
RX_Lev Triggering
RX_LEV Thr
Time
P/N
P: Watch Time
N: Valid Time

Page105
Edge HO
Begin
No
Is [Fringe HO
Allowed] Select cell(n) whose 16 bit value
is
Yes Yes
?
higher than serving cell and
whose level satifys P/N rule(n)
UL_Rx_Lev(s) < [Edge HO Yes Refresh basing on A
UL RX_LEV Threshod]? its timer
No No Any neighbor
Yes cell?
Satisfy P/N rule(s)? Yes
No
Trigger
DL_Rx_Lev(s) < [Edge HO Yes Refresh Edge handover
DL RX_LEV Threshod]? its timer
N
No o
End Satisfy P/N rule(s)? A: DL_Rx_Lev(n)>
Yes DL_Rx_Lev(s)+[Inter-cell HO
Hysteresis]

Page106
Data Configuration of Edge HO
[Edge HO UL/DL RX-LEV

Threshold]<[UL/DL RX_LEV Lower
Threshold] in HWII/III power control tabel
Should be lower than the[Outgoing OL

Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)] in
enhance dual band data table

Page107

Page109

Page110
MS Fast-Moving Handover
Handover
Time Triggering
Time
Threshold
1 1 2 3 Cells Number
P/N
P: Watch Cells
N: Valid Cells
Umbrella Cell
Micro Cell

Page111
MS Fast-Moving Handover
Begin
No Is [MS Fast Moving

HO
Allowed] Yes ?
Yes
Yes Is the target cell
the serving cell?
No
Yes Is the serving Refresh timer(s)
cell on layer 4?
No
End
Yes Is the best neighbor No
cell is the last
original cell?
Select the neighbor cell with the highest
Yes priority &
No
Satisfy P / N rule? on the 4th layer & satisfy RX_LEV(n)>=
Inter-layer
HO threshold(n) + Inter-layer HO
hysterisis(n)
No Yes Trigger MS fast-
Any cell satisfy the
condition above? moving handover

Page112
Data Configuration of MS Fast-
moving Handover

Page113
Layer HO
GSM900 Cell
Lay 3
GSM1800 Cell
Lay 2

Page115
Layer HO
Begin
Is [Level HO No
Allowed] Yes ?
Yes
No
Any neighbor cell End
exit?
Yes
No
16 bit valu(n)< Identify the next
16 bit value(s)l? cell
Yes
A & ( layer(n)< No
layer(s)
or level(n)<level(s)
)?
Yes
No
Satisfy P/N rule(n)?
Yes
Trigger A: RX_LEV(n)>= Inter-layer HO
threshold(n)
layer handover
+ Inter-layer HO hysterisis(n)

Page116
Data Configuration of Layer
HO

Page117
Data Configuration of Layer
HO

Page118
PBGT HO Handover
Triggering
Path Loss (dB)
PBGT HO 5
Threshold
Time
P/N
P: Watch Time
N: Valid Time
126-119=7dB>5dB
126dB 119dB

Page119
PBGT HO
Is [PBGT HO No
Begin
Allowed] Yes ?
Yes
Is current channel Yes
End
signal channel?
No
Search
next
neighborce
ll No
No Satisfy P / N rule?
layer(n)=layer(s)&
level(n)=level(s)? Yes
Yes
Trigger
No Path loss (s) Path loss PBGT HO
(n)
>PBGT HO Threshold
Yes
Refresh
timer(s)

Page120
Data Configuration of PBGT HO

Page121
Data Configuration of PBGT HO

Page122
Concentric Cell
Purposes

Maximize coverage area

Reduce interference and improve frequency reuse density
Construction methods

Different combiner loss

Different propagation loss

Modify the transmission power of TRX, the down tilt of antennas,
etc.

By HO parameters
Overlaid
Underlaid

Page123
Classification and HO Judgment of
Concentric Cell
Normal concentric
cell Enhance concentric
cell
Receiving level
Receiving level
Time advance
Time advance
Quality
Quality
ATCB
Cell load of
underlaid

Page124
Data Configuration of Concentric
Cell

Page125
Normal Concentric Cell HO
Division of underlaid and overlaid is decided by MS
downlink receive level ,TA value and quality.
underlaid
Receiving Level
Threshold
Receiving Level
Hysteresis
Receiving Qaulityl
Threshold
TA Threshold
overlaid
TA Hysteresis

Page126
Normal Concentric Cell HO
U to O O to U

Page127
Normal Concentric Cell
HO(OU
Flow for TCH HO)from overlaid to underlaid
No
[OL to UL HO Yes [Penalty Time of OtoU No
Begin Allowed] Yes ? HO Fail(s)] overflow ? End
Ye
s
No No [RX_QUAL for UO [TA for UO HO No

[RX_LEV for UO
HO Allowed] Yes? HO Allowed] Yes? Allowed] Yes?
Yes Yes
Rx_Dl_Level<=[RX_LEV No Rx_Dl_Quality>= Current TA>=[TA No
thshold] Threshold]+
-[RX_LEV Hysteresis] [RX_QUAL Treshold]?
[TA Hysteresis]?
Yes Yes Yes
P/N No
rul End
e?
Yes
Trigger OL to
UL

Page128
Normal Concentric Cell
HO(UO
Criterion for TCH) HO from underlaid to overlaid
[Penalty Time of UtoO No

Begin HO Fail(s)] overflow ?
Yes
Yes Time of HO failure< No
[UL to OL HO
Allowed] Yes ? [MaxRetry Time after UtoO End
Fail]?
No Yes
Rx_Dl_Level >= No
End Yes [RX_LEV Threshold]
[RX_LEV for UO
HO Allowed] Yes? +
[RX_LEV Hysteresis]
No Yes
Yes Rx_Dl_Qual<= No
[RX_QUAL for UO [RX_QUAL Treshold]?
HO Allowed] Yes?
No Yes
[TA for UO HO Yes Current TA<=[TA No
Threshold]-
Allowed] Yes? [TA Hysteresis]?
No
No P/N
rul
Yes e?
Trigger UL to
OL

Page129
Data Configuration of Normal
Concentric Cell HO

Page130
Concentric Cell HO

Page131
Concentric Cell HO

Page132
Enhance Concentric Cell HO
Division of underlaid and overlaid is decided by MS
downlink receive level, quality, TA value and cell load of
underlaid.
underlaid
U to O HO Receiving Level
Threshold
O to U HO Receiving Level
Hysteresis
Receiving Qaulityl
Threshold
TA Threshold
overlaid
TA Hysteresis

Page134
Enhance Concentric Cell HO
Classification of TCH HO in enhance concentric cell HO
U to O
for high load in
U
O to U O to U
for moving for low load in U

Page135
Enhance Concentric Cell
HO(UO
) from underlaid to overlaid for high load in UL

Flow for TCH HO
[Penalty Time of UtoO No
Begin HO Fail(s)] overflow ?
Yes
Yes Time of HO failure< No
[UL to OL HO
Allowed] Yes ? [MaxRetry Time after UtoO End
Fail]?
No Yes
Yes Rx_Dl_Level>[UtoO No
End [RX_LEV for UO HO
HO Allowed] Yes? Received Level
Threshold]
No Yes
Yes No
[ATCBHoSwitch] A
Open?
No Yes
Yes Rx_Dl_Qual< No
[RX_QUAL for UO [RX_QUAL Treshold]?
HO Allowed] Yes?
No Yes
[TA for UO HO Yes Current TA<[TA No
Threshold]-
Allowed] Yes? [TA Hysteresis]?
No Yes
P/N Yes Go to the user
rul selection
e?
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >[Distance Between Boundaries flow in the
of UL and OLnext slide
Subcells(dB)]
RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency
band and layer
with underlaid subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this
value is -110dBm

Page136
HO(UO
)
User selection flow from UL to OL for high load in UL
[UtoO Traffice
Begin HO Allowed] Yes ?
Yes End
Refresh cell
load
per second
Yes Cell load of UL>=[En Iuo Out No
Cell Serious OverLoad Thred]?
No Cell load of UL>=[En Iuo Out (B-
Cell General OverLoad Thred]? 1)/seco B
nd
Yes Adjust HO zone
basing
on HO step and HO
period
Any MS in HO No
B=[Underlay HO Step Period(s)] zone?
HO step: [Underlay HO Step Level]
Yes
HO period: B-1 or B
Trigger
HO zone: begin from -47dBm UL to OL

Page137
HO(OU )
Flow for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaid for low load in underlaid
[UtoO Traffice
Begin HO Allowed] Yes ?
Yes No End
[OL to UL HO
Allowed] Yes ?
Yes Adjust HO zone
Refresh cell basing
load on HO step and HO
per second period
Any MS in HO No
No Cell load of UL<[En Iuo Out zone?
Cell Low Load Thred]?
Yes
Yes Trigger
UL to OL
HO period: [En Iuo Cell Load Classification HO Period]

HO step: [En Iuo Cell Load Classification HO Step]
HO zone: begin from[OtoU HO Received Level Threshold] to
-47dBm

Page138
HO(OU
) from overlaid to underlaid for moving
Flow for TCH HO
No
[OL to UL HO Yes [Penalty Time of OtoU No
Begin Allowed] Yes ? HO Fail(s)] overflow ? End
Ye
s
No [RX_LEV for UO No No [RX_QUAL for UO [TA for UO HO No

[ATCBHoSwitch
HO Allowed] Yes? ] HO Allowed] Yes? Allowed] Yes?
Open?
Yes Yes
No Rx_Dl_Level>[OtoU No No
HO Rx_Dl_Qual> Current TA>[TA
A [RX_QUAL Treshold]? Threshold]+
Received Level
Threshold] [TA Hysteresis]?
Yes Yes Yes Yes
P/N No
rul End
e?
Yes
Select the underlaid
subcell or
the neighbour cell with Trigger OL to
the UL
highst priority
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) < [Distance listin 16 bits
Between Boundaries of UL and OL
Subcells(dB)]
[Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL and
OL Subcells(dB)]

Page139
Data Configuration of Enhance
Concentric Cell HO

Page140
Concentric Cell HO

Page141
Concentric Cell HO

Page142
Concentric Cell HO

Page143
Concentric Cell HO

Page144
Concentric Cell HO

Page145
Concentric Cell HO

Page146
Channel Assignment strategies of
Concentric HO
Channel Assignment Strategies of Concentric HO
Intra-BSC Incoming
Immediate Inter-cell
Assignment Cell
Assignment
Handover
Handover

Page147
Immediate Assignment
The preferred SDCCH channel in two layers is controlled by
parameter TA pref. Of Imme-Assign Allowed

If "No", system prefers the channel in Underlaid subcell

If Yes", system prefers the channel according to in
Channel Request message
TA bigger TA smaller

Page148
Data Configuration of Immediate
Assignment

Page149
Assignment
Preferred assignment in the overlay or underlay
cell
Assign the channel of overlay or underlay cell
according to the Rx_level and TA in the
measurement report
TA smaller and
Rx-level
higher

Page150
Data Configuration of
Assignment

Page151
Intra-BSC Inter-Cell Handover
In the case of intra-BSC inter-cell handover, the MS can be handed
over to the underlay or overlay cell first.
If System Optimization is selected, the preferred assignment is
conducted according to the level value in the measurement report.
According to the Rx-level
overlaid
Overlaid
Underlaid

Page153
Data Configuration of Intra-BSC
Inter-Cell Handover

Page154
Inter-BSC Handover
For the inter-BSC Handover, if the target cell is concentric cell , the
channel of underlay cell should be assigned first.
BSC1 BSC2
Assign underlaid first

Overlaid
overlaid
Underlaid

Page155
Data Configuration of Inter-BSC
Inter-Cell Handover

Page156
AMR Handover Flow
Begin
No Are [Intracell HO
Allowed] & [Intracell F-H
HO
Allowed Yes ?
Yes
No
End Is current channel
TCH & version3?
Yes
Yes During [Penalty A: Cell load > [AMR TCH/H

Time Prior
after AMR TCHF-H
HO Cell Load Threshold]
Fail(s)]?
No
Yes No
current channel is
FR
No RQI/2 <[H2F HO No
RQI/2 >[F2H HO th]
&A th] End
Yes Yes
No Yes Trigger internal

Satisfy P/N rule? cell
AMR handover

Page157
Data Configuration of AMR HO

Page158
Data Configuration of AMR HO

Page159
General HO Process
Mode

1
Report
Measurement Report
2
Preprocessing
Handover
3
Judgment
Handover
4
Implementation
Mode

Page160
Handover Implementation
Begin
No Is [Power boost befor Yes

HO
enabled or not Yes ?
BTS(s) keeps BTS(s) uses the

current max.
power output
For BTS power output
BSC send HO
Command to
MS
No power control
during handover in order to HO execute
make
sure the handover is
successful

Page161
Data Configuration of Handover
Implementation(BTS)

Page162
Handover Implementation
Begin
No Is [MS Power Prediction Yes

after HO Yes ?
MS uses the
BSC predict
highest power
to access For MS power
BSC send HO
MS will use this
Command to predict power in new
MS
cell after finishing
this handover
No power control
during handover in order to HO execute
make
sure the handover is
successful

Page163
Implementation(MS)

Page164
Implementation(MS)

Page165
Summary
In this course, we have learned:

Classification of HO

HO general procedure

HO judgment algorithm
HO implementation process

HO data configuration

Page166
Thank you
www.huawei.com

GSM Handover Algarithm

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MSC NSS Network MSC

BSC BSC BSC

Case 2 Case 3 Case 4

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Intra Cell HO ( HRFR)

Inter Cell HO TCH TCH

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2.2 Measure and Measurement Result Report

2.3 Measurement Report Preprocessing

2.4 Handover Judgment

2.5 Handover Implementation

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Measure and Measurement Result

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Measure and Measurement Result

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The downlink measurement report

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480ms 4 TCH Multi-

12TCH 1SACCH 12TCH 1 Idle

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Measure and Measurement Result

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1Measure and Measurement OM Forced HO

Rx_Level_Drop HO Concentric Cell HO

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Concentric Punish on other

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Overlaid Do not attempt

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Max. consecutive HO times: 3

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1Measure and Measurement OM Forced HO