THE

GASTRO-INTESTINAL
TRACT
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

SIMPLE
ABDOMINAL
X-ray
Simple abdominal X-ray
 Radiograph of subdiaphragmal space

Presence of gas
under diaphragm
 Targeted X-ray of abdomen

Calcified
gallbladder
Chronic calculous pancreatitis
Chronic calculous pancreatitis
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
ESOPHAGUS
FLUOROSCOPY
BARIUM SWALLOW EXAMINATION
RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF
ESOPHAGUS
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
STOMACH

FLUOROSCOPY
BARIUM MEAL TECHNIQUES

SINGLE CONTRAST BARIUM MEAL

DOUBLE CONTRAST TECHNIQUE

 RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY
STONACH AND DUODENUM
1. Fundus
2. Cardia
3. Lesser curvature
4. Greater curvature
5. Body of the stomach
6. Angle of the stomach
7. Antrum
8. Pylorus
9. Duodenal bulb
10. D-1
11. D-2
12. D-3
13. D-4
 Shape and position of the stomach related
to the body type
a. Normostenic
b. Astenic
c. Hiperstenic
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

SINGLE CONTRAST BARIUM MEAL

 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

DOUBLE CONTRAST TECHNIQUE

 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
DUODENUM
FLUOROSCOPY
BARIUM MEAL
TECHNIQUE
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
DUODENUM
FLUOROSCOPY
HYPOTONIC DUODENOGRATHY
HYPOTONIC DUODENOGRATHY
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
JEJUNUM and ILEUM
SMALL BOWEL FOLLOW THROUGH MEAL:
observation of the barium passage over several hours
Digestive Tube artificial contrast
(barium passage)
Digestive Tube artificial contrast
(barium passage)
Digestive Tube artificial contrast
(barium passage)
BARIUM ENEMA
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY
 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

SCINTIGRAPHY
CT
MRI
CT 3D reconstruction
 Radiological functional
abnormalities of DT
Muscular abnormalities
Distonia
Hypertonia
Atonia
Hypotonia

Diskinesia
Spasm
Evacuation disturbances

Mucosal abnormalities
Hypersecretion
 Radiological morphological

abnormalities of
Abnormalities of position and shape
DT
Ptosis
Volvulus
Dislocation
Disturbances
Disturbance of mobility of mobile segments (fixing) and
fixed segments (abnormal mobility)
Volume abnormalities
Dilations
Diffuse
Local
Stenosis
Diffuse
Local
Diverticulum (protrusion of the inner lining of the intestine through the outer muscular
coat to form a small pouch with a narrow neck)
 Radiological morphological

abnormalities
Lacuna (defect of filling, gap)
of DT
Solitary
Multiple
Niche
Mucosal abnormalities
Hypertrophy
Atrophy
Diversion of plica gastrica
Interruption of plica gastrica
Pathological presence of gas and liquid in intestine
Pathological presence of gas in peritoneal cavity,
retroperitoneal space, or intramural (in the wall of intestine)
 Types of DT dilations
1. Normal
2. Diffuse dilation
3,4. Local dilaton

1 2 3 4
 Types of DT stenosis
1. Normal
2. Diffuse
3. Local with
suprastenotic
dilation
4. Local by defect
of filling
(eccentric)
5. Local with
deformation 1 2 3 4 5
 ACHALASIA

Esophageal achalasia,
achalasia cardiae,
cardiospasm, esophageal
aperistalsis, is an esophageal
motility disorder involving the
smooth muscle layer of the
lower esophageal sphincter,
and characterized by
aperistalsis and functional
obstruction of the esophagus
CERVICAL ESOPHAGEAL
DIVERTICULUM
ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM
EPIPHRENIC ESOPHAGEAL
DIVERTICULUM
GIANT ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM
 ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

extremely
dilated sub-
mucosal
veins in the
lower
esophagus
 ESOPHAGEAL MALIGNANT TUMOR

Stenosis
Irregular contour
Rigid walls
Suprastenotic dilation
HIATAL HERNIA
 STOMACH DISPLACEMENT IN
VISCERO-ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGIES

Normal
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Pancreatic
pathology
 GASTRIC MUCOSAL ABNORMALITIES

Enlarged area Chronic

gastrica gastritis

Ovoid lacunar
Gastric
defect of mucosa
polip

Interruption of plica
gastrica Gastric
tumor
GASTRIC DIVERTICULUM
 GASTRIC ULCER
Radiological morphological sings
Niche
Marginal edema
Convergence of plica gastrica
 GASTRIC POLIP

Lacunar image
(defect of filling)
with regular borders
 GASTRIC MALIGNANT TUMOR

Lacunar image
(defect of filling)
with irregular
borders
DUODENAL DIVERTICULUM
DUODENAL DIVERTICULUM
ABDOMINAL X-RAY
Hydroaeric levels
 COLON DISPLACEMENT IN VISCERO-
ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGIES

1. Appendicular
plastron
2. Hepatomegaly
3. Gallbladder
pathology
4. Splenomegaly
HEMORRHAGIC RECTOCOLITIS
 SIGMOID COLON CANCER
Concentric local
stenosis with irregular
contours
Wall rigidity