SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN BIOTEKNOLOGI

TANAMAN

Dr. SUKENDAH
 What is Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the application of
scientific and engneering principles to the
processing of materials by biological agent
to provide goods and services
Aplikasi prinsip-prinsip ilmu dan rekayasa
dalam pengolahan bahan-bahan menggunakan
agen biologis untuk menghasilkan barang dan
jasa
 What is Biotechnology
any technique that uses living organisms
or substances from those organisms to
make or modify a product, to improve
plants or animals, or to develop micro-
organisms for specific uses
What is Biotechnology
manipulation of genes is called genetic
engineering or recombinant DNA
technology
genetic engineering involves taking one or
more genes from a location in one
organism and either
Transferring them to another organism
Putting them back into the original organism
in different combinations
Related Knowledge & Industry
Mikrobiologi
BiologiMolekular Biokimia

GenetikaMolekular BiologiSel RekayasaProses

Bioteknologi

DiagnosaKesehatan IndustriKimia
IndustriFermentasi

IndustriFarmasi LingkungandanEnergi

IndustriPangandanPakan
KONSEP DASAR BIOTEKNOLOGI
Biokimia, Biologi Sel dan BIOTEKNOLOGI
Molekular, Genetika, Kulturjaringan:
Mikrobiologi, Ekologi, Kloning(perbanyakan
Sistematik massal),tanamanbebas
Struktur dan virus.
Perkembangan Makhluk RekayasaGenetika:
Hidup TeknikDNA
Rekombinan
TOTIPOTENSI SEL
MATERIAL DNA MAKHLUK HIDUP:
A, T, C, G

ILMUTERAPAN
 BIOTEKNOLOGI
Teknologi Kunci Abad 21
KLASIK MODEREN
Akhir abad 19: antibiotik
Fermentasi minuman Abad 20: Ahli Biologi molekular:
beralkohol (biokimia, genetika, biologi sel)
Pembuatan roti, keju,
bir
Teknologi Sel dan Rekayasa Genetika

Kultur Jaringan Bioteknologi Industri

Obat Makanan Proteksi

Kloning
Tan/Hwn
 Goals of Biotechnology
To understand more about the processes of
inheritance and gene expression
To provide better understanding &
treatment of various diseases, particularly
genetic disorders
To generate economic benefits, including
improved plants and animals for agriculture
and efficient production of valuable
biological molecules
 TAHAP PENTING PERKEMBANGAN

BIOTEKNOLOGI MODERN

1944 DNA pembawa informasi genetik (Oswald Avery)

1953 struktur DNA (Watson and Crick)
1961 kodon (Nirenberg and Matthaei)
1968 ditemukan enzim endonuklease restriksi (Smith
and Wilcox)
1971 Pembuatan DNA rekombinan secara in vitro (Paul
Berg)
1973 teknik kombinasi gen berhasil dilakukan
1977 hormon tumbuh diproduksi di bakteri dengan
teknik rekombinasi DNA

diarsip fkip.uad.ac.id
1978 gen untuk insulin diperbanyak
1982 Humulin mulai dijual
1983 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (Kary
Mullis)
1985 PCR dipublikasikan
1990 Human Genom Project
1990 Terapi gen pertama kali diaplikasikan
2000 Human Genom Project selesai
 Sejarah Perkembangan
Jaman sebelum Louis Pasteur:
Minuman beralkohol, makanan fermentasi
Jaman Louis Pasteur:
Alkohol, asam organik, pengolahan limbah
Jaman antibiotika:
Antibiotika, vaksin, transformasi obat
Jaman pasca antibiotika:
Asam amino, protein sel tunggal, imobilisasi
Jaman bioteknologi modern:
Antibodi monoklonal, rekayasa genetika
Drought-tolerance in APX-expressing plants
Water was withheld from
transgenic tobacco plants
that express ascorbate
peroxidase (APX) and
wildtype control plants
(WT) for 18 days then the
plants were re-watered for
2 days before the
photograph was taken.
Wildtype plants showed
severe damaged while
transgenic plants showed
very little damage.
Insect Resistance

Testing of Bt cotton for resistance to

bollworms
 Resistance to Fungal Disease
Transgenic Wild-type

Sunflower
White mold
resistance

Control and transgenic tomato plants that express an oxalate oxidase

gene construct two days after inoculation with the phytopathogenic
fungus Sclerotinia which causes stem-rot diseases in a wide variety of
economically important plants.
Herbicide Resistance

current: soybean, corn, canola, cotton, alfalfa

coming: sugarbeet (on hold), lettuce, strawberry,
wheat (on hold), Turf grass
resistance gene from bacteria is source
Modification of Cotton Fiber Length

Transgenic
Cotton that
Express KC22
Biological production
Food & Medicine production
Industrial Fermentation
Thank You