THE FILIPINO-

AMERICAN WAR
Philippine Insurrection
The Benevolent Assimilation
Pressure Groups
American businessmen
Military and naval pressure

groups
Religious pressure groups
Benvolent Assimilation
December 21, 1898
President William Mckinley

American intention of exercising

sovereignty over the Philippines

Filipino Reaction to the Proclamation

General Elwell Otis

General Marcus P Miller

Antonio Luna
Emilio Aguinaldo

My government is disposed to
open hostilities if the American
troops attempt to take forcible
possession of the Visayan
Islands.

Elwell Otis
Seen
Aguinaldos Move
Meeting
Representatives
Encounters with the Americans
February 1, 1899
American engineers was arrested by
Filipino troops.
February 2, 1899
Presence of some Filipino soldiers
within the American lines.
February 4, 1899
oPrivate Williiam Grayson
oSociego and Silencio Street, Sta.

Mesa Manila
Emilio Aguinaldo

Firing on our side the night

before has been against my
order

Elwell
Otis

Fighting, having started ,

must go on the grim end
Investigation
Felipe Buencamino
February 2 &3 - Filipino employees
dismissed
February 4 - cascos to Cavite

*Americans planned the encounter to

provoke an armed conflict*
American Drive to the North
Battle of La Loma

Major
Jose
Torres
Bugallo
n
Battle of Kalookan

General
Antonio
Luna
Lunass Counter Attack
March 22
Azacarraga Street

Retreated to Pulo, Bulacan

Battle of Pulo

General
Lloyd
Wheato
n
Battle of San Mateo

Decem

ber 18,
1899
General

Licerio
Geronim
o
General

Henry
Lawton
Capture of Malolos

March

31, 1899
Aguinal
do
transferr
ed the
capital
to San
Isidro,
Nueva
Ecija
Battle of Bagbag
General Antonio Luna
& General Gregorio Del
Pilar
Bagbag River natural
protection against the
Americans
General Tomas
Mascardo (Guagua,
Pampanga)
Retreated to Pampanga
Fall of the Mabini Cabinet
Happenings
The wealthy and the powerful opposed
him
They persuaded Aguinaldo to remove
Mabini
May 7 1999 Pedro Paterno was forming
a new Cabinet
Mabini sent a resignation of the entire
Cabinet he was heading
Assassination of Antonio Luna
Antonio Luna
Ilocano
Born in Manila 1868
Pharmacist & Chemist

His Brothers:
Juan painter
Joaquin governor, deputy and senator
Manuel violinist

Editor of La Independencia
 Exiled to Spain
Felipe Agoncillo
Recommendation and a revolver
Aguinaldos Assistant Secretary of War
Commander of Revolutionary Forces
Telegram from Cabanatuan
June 5, 1899
Colonel Francisco Roman Aide-de Camp
Cabanatuan Convent
Pedrong Kastila and the Kawit Company
guards
Cowards! Assassins!
Luna died with more than forty wounds
Escape of Aguinaldo
Pangasinan > Pampanga > Tarlac >
Calasiao
> Palanan, Isabela
Battle of Tirad Pass
Gregorio del Pilar
November 14, 1875
Bulacan, Bulacan
Son of Fernando H. del Pilar & brother of
Marcelo H. del Pilar
boy-general
Commander of the Northern
Revolutionary Brigade
Pasong Tirad

Ilocos Sur
4 500 feet
December 2, 1899
Major Peyton March
Repulsed by Del Pilars riflemen
Januario Galut an Igorot
who revealed the secret trail
Del Pilar, still mounted in his

white horse, was shot down

mortally wounded in the
neck.
*Del Pilar paralleled the
heroism of Leonidas*
The Capture of Aguinaldo
 Cecilio Segismundo fell into the hands of Colonel
Frederick Funston
Hilario Tal Placido & Lazaro Segovia
Macabebe Scouts
The Macabebes entered Aguinaldos camp without
difficulty
Aguinaldo surrendered and was brought to Manila
April 1, 1901 Oath of allegiance
April 19, 1901 sovereignty of the United States
End of the Republic
Visayan Campaign
Gen. Marcus Miller vs. Gen. Martin
Delgado
February 20, 1899 Jaro fell, followed

by Santa Barbara, Oton & Mandurriao

Gen. Arcadio Maxilom & Leandro

Fullon
February 22, 1899 Cebu was taken
Negros Collaboration
Negrenses raised the American flag
Committee of prominent Negrenses

was sent to Manila

March 1, 1899 Visayan Military

District (Panay, Negros, and Cebu)

Allowed to frame a constitution

(Negros Constitution)
Mindanao
General John C. Bates
Datu Kiram Sultan of Jolo

August 20, 1899 Bates Treaty

the rights and dignities of the

Sultan and his datus shall be fully
respected
Americans pay monthly salaries to
the Sultan and his leaders
Brutalities during the War
Water Cure
Forcing water into the stomach of a
person until it gets filled. Then he will lie
on his back and an American soldier will
jump on his stomach
Rope Cure
Placing a rope around a persons neck
and then twisting it to choke him.
Notorious American
Generals
Gen. Jacob Smith
Gen. Franklin J. Bell
Filipino Guerillas
Samar
General Vicente
Lukban

Balangiga Massacre
Transforming Samar

into a howling
wilderness
End of Guerilla Warfare
 Simeon Ola (Bicol)
Roman Manalan (Pangasinan &
Zambales)
Manuel Tomines (Isabela)
Gen. Miguel Malvar (Batangas)
Rinderpest killed over 90% of carabaos
Rice planting was greatly affected
Severe shortage of food
 February 27, 1902 Capture of Gen.
Lukban
End of the guerilla warfare
April 16, 1902 Surrender of Gen.
Malvar
Pacifying Ladrones, Non-Christian & Moro People
July 4, 1902
Official declaration of the end of the
war by President Theodore Roosevelt
Ladrones
Politico-religious groups
Poor & uneducated peasants
Believed in prayers, rituals, amulets,
anti-foreigners & anti-caciques
Ruperto Rios (Tayabas)
Apo Ipe Salvador (Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva
Ecija, Tarlac, & Pangasinan)
Papa Isio (Negros)

Pulajanes (Cebu)

Dios-Dios (Leyte) Faustino Ablan & Papa

Pablo
Non-Christian & Moro Filipinos

Moro Province (1903)

Mountain Province (1908)
Bud Dajo Massacre
Brutal military campaigns of the U.S.
against the Moro
1906 in Sulu

All Tausugs were killed