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Titiek Djannatun
Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine
YARSI University
ARBOVIRUS YANG SEBABKAN PENYAKIT DEMAM DAN HEMORRHAGIC
DENGUE (4 SEROTIPE) FEVER, RASH (HEM INDIA, ASIA TENGGARA, NYAMUK Monyet hutan
(FLAVIVIRUS) SYOK SYNDROME) PASIFIK, AMERIKA
SELATAN, KARIBIA
KYASANUR FOREST (FLAVIVIRUS) HEMORRHAGIC INDIA TICK MONYET, RODENTS
FEVER
RIFT VALLEY FEVER (BUNYAVIRUS) FEVER, KADANG AFRIKA NYAMUK SAPI, ONTA, DOMBA
HEMORRHAGIC
Dengue Fever
What is it?
Mode of transmission
Symptoms and treatment
Prevention
What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever, also know as breakbone fever, is an acute
communicable disease caused by virus.
Caused by Dengue viruses (categorizes into types
1,2,3,4)
Symptoms:
fever, headache, skin rash, muscle and joint pain
Severe form: hemorrhagic fever, fluid leakage, bleeding in the GI
tract (could be fatal)
Prevalent in tropical countries (urban disease)
Spread by mosquito (Aedes aegypti but in Hongkong by
Aedes albopictus) as vector
Aedes albopictus as a potential vector (in lab) this
mosquito lifes outside home
History of Dengue
Earliest record as water poison in Chinese
encyclopedia (265 to 420 A.D.)
17th century reports of disease in Panama, West
Indies and Southeast Asia.
Global pandemic following world war II
In Americas:
1950s to 1970s disease was rare due to
mosquito control
Once mosquito control was stopped the disease
re-emerged
Dengue
Dengue is the biggest arbovirus problem in the world today with
over 2 million cases per year. Dengue is found in SE Asia, Africa
and the Caribbean and S America.
Flavivirus, 4 serotypes, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes which
reside in water-filled containers.
Human infections arise from a human-mosquitoe-human cycle
Classically, dengue presents with a high fever, lymphadenopathy,
myalgia, bone and joint pains, headache, and a maculopapular rash.
Severe cases may present with haemorrhagic fever and shock with a
mortality of 5-10%. (Dengue haemorrhagic fever or Dengue shock
syndrome.)
Increased incidence of Dengue
Uncontrolled urbanization
Poor water, sewer an waste management
Lack of effective mosquito management
Global travel (for work and vacation)
Lack of public health infrastructure in many
countries
Mode of Transmission
A healthy person gets the disease when he is
bitten by an infected mosquito. The virus enters
his blood from the mosquitos saliva.
Transmission
Infected
mosquito
Types
Classical Dengue
dengue haemorrhagic
fever
Dengue
Severe headache
1. Attachment
2. Penetration
3. Uncoating
4. Transcription and/or
translation
5. Replication
6. Assembly
7. Release
RNA virus
replication
Replication Strategy of ss(+)RNA Viruses
Steps in Replication
1. Translation of virion RNA as mRNA (early products = RNA-
Dependent RNA Pol)
Serology
CFT
Netralisasi test
Mc ELISA
IgG ELISA
Dengue rapid test
PCR
Prevention
Prevention of
Mosquito Bites
Avoid going out in the hours
when Aedes albopictus feed
or wear light-coloured,
long-sleeved clothing and
trousers.
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Prevention of
Mosquito Bites
Your place of
accommodation should
have air-conditioners or
mosquito nets. Otherwise,
hang mosquito screens
around your bed, use
insecticides or coil
incenses to repel
mosquitoes.
42
Elimination of Mosquitoes
Elimination of Mosquitoes
Dispose of domestic
wastes properly to
prevent the
accumulation of
stagnant water.
Elimination of Mosquitoes
Change water for vases
Elimination of Mosquitoes
Elimination of Mosquitoes
Elimination of Mosquitoes