Earth serves as a hot water-boiler Considered to be a clean and cheap energy source Cheaper compared to energy production through natural gas and coal And also hydro power stations Provides the 27% of the Philippines total electricity production generated in power plants Luzon islands, Negros, Mindanao, and Leyte Availability & Sources of Geothermal Energy Natural occurring areas of hydrothermal resources Deep underground and usually undetectable above ground Earths surface Volcanoes and fumaroles Hot springs Geysers Philippines is second to the US, in terms of producing geothermal power at 1904 MW. Thinned or fractured crust allows magma to rise to the surface as lava. Most magma doesn't reach the surface but heats large regions of underground rock. Rainwater can seep down faults and fractured rocks for miles. After being heated, it can return to the surface as steam or hot water. Location Installed Capacity
Mak-Ban, Laguna 458.53 MWe
Tiwi-Albay 344 MWe
Bac-Man, Sorsogon/Albay 151.5 MWe
Tongonan, Leyte 722.68 MWe
Palinpinon, Negros Oriental 192.5 MWe
Mt. Apo, North Cotabato/Davao 108.48 Mwe
Geothermal Resources Near tectonic plate boundaries At major tectonic plate boundaries earthquakes and volcanoes are located Ring of Fire Rims the Pacific Ocean and is bounded by Japan, the Philippines, the Aleutian Islands, North America, Central America, and South America Four Elements of a Geothermal System
1. A heat source, which is the magma that comes close
to the surface of the earth in volcanic areas 2. A permeable underground reservoir rock, which can hold or store water 3. A solid cap rock, which maintains pressure and does not allow the heat, water or steam to escape 4. Water, which serves as the medium for carrying the Volcanoes and Fumaroles Bu-ot Fumarole Field Yellow sulfuric water flows out Fumaroles Opening in or near a volcano Hot sulfurous gases emerge Mount Binuluan, Kalinga Province Strong steam emission Fumarolic activity Surface sulfur deposits Bum-bag Fumarole Field Underground rattling, banging, and explosions stopped years ago Hot springs Produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust While some of these springs contain water that is a safe temperature for bathing, others are so hot that immersion can result in injury or death. Tongonan Hot Spring National Park A valley of geothermal power source. It can supply power to the whole region when fully developed. Can cook hard boiled eggs in fifteen minutes. First geothermal plant in the Philippines. Geysers A type of spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam Formed due to particular hydrogeological conditions that exist in only a few places on Earth It is more common in the US Taal Geyser Pit Sources http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/leyte2.htm http:// geothermaleducation.org/GEOpresentation/sld037.htm http://lsa.colorado.edu/essence/texts/geothermal.html https://www.doe.gov.ph/geothermal-1 http://www.iuvenisorbis.org/resources/geothermal/