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Definition
What is stoichiometry ?
Reactants Products
The laboratory scale vs molecular scale
EXPECTED PRODUCT
FUNCTIONS of STOICHIOMETRY
S EXPECTED PRODUCT
T
O
C
H
I S
O T
M O
E C
T H
I S
R
O T
Y
M O
E C
T H
R I
O
Y
M
E
Recipe
T
R
Y
EXPECTED PRODUCT
What you should expect?
???
1000 buns 1000 beefs 2000 pickles 1000 tbs sauces 1000 hamburgers
LIMITING REACTANT
plus 16
tires
excess
Minus 8
tires
limits
Gas Laws
Basic Laws of
Chemistry
300.23 g
2H2 + O2 2H2O
2 molcs 1 molcs 2 molcs
2 mols 1 mols 2 mols
2g 16 g 18 g
In any chemical reactions can
not be detected mass changes
Law of Constant Composition
Different samples of a
pure chemical compound
always contain the same
proportion of elements
by mass.
Note:
This law only applies for
compounds, not for
mixtures.
Joseph Proust
(1799)
Example (1)
Note:
1 H atom 1 mass
unit
1 O atom 16 mass Regardless of the number of water
units molecules, the mass of oxygen is always
eight times the mass of hydrogen.
Example (2)
C12 g+ 16Og CO
28 g
Carbon monoxide 3 4 7
C12 +
g
O
32 g2
CO
44 g 2
Carbon dioxide
3 8 11
Note:
1 C atom 12 mass
units
1 O atom 16 mass
units
Example (3)
Sodium Chloride
Conclusion: Na : Cl = 1 : 1.54
=2:3
Note:
1 Na atom 23 mass
units
1 Cl atom 17 mass
Law of Multiple Proportions
John Dalton
(1803)
Note:
1 N atom 14 mass
units
1 O atom 16 mass
Exception
Nucleic acid
Sucrose (C12H22011)
Conclusion
In any chemical reactions, mass of
reactants = mass of products.
For every pure compound the mass ratios
of its constituent elements are constant.
When 2 elements form a series of
compounds, the masses of one element
that combine with a fixed mass of the
second stand in the ratio of small integers.
The Mole Concept
Avogadros Number
One mole quantities
Avogadros Number (L)
A. Avogadro
(1860)
Mol of sugar =
= = 2.5 mol
Exercise
Hitunglah :
1) Jumlah molekul dalam 0,25 mol air
(H2O)
2) Jumlah molekul dalam 3 mol metana
(CH4)
3) Jumlah mol dari 4,5 x 1023 atom Mg
4) Jumlah mol dari 6 x 1022 molekul CH4
Conversion Mole & Mass (gram)
Mol of element =
Mol of compound =
Liter
ard condition (STP), Temperature 0 C and Pressure 1 atm of
gas
Examples
A. What volume the NO2 gas would occupy if it has
a mass of 23 grams under standard condition. (Mr
NO2 =
46
23 g/mol)
g of NO2= = 0.5 mol
= 0.5 x 22.4 = 11.2 L
1. C = 84% , H = 16%
mol C : mol H = 84/12 : 16/1 = 7 : 16
Rumus empiris senyawa adalah : C7H16
2. C=48, H=12, O=32
mol C : mol H : mol O = 48/12 : 12/1 : 32/16
= 4 : 12 : 2 = 2 : 6 : 1
Rumus empiris gas adalah C2H6O
CONTOH RUMUS MOLEKUL :
1. (NO2)n = 92
46 n = 92 n=2
Rumus molekul gas adalah N2O4