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of disc brakes
INTRODUCTION
A cryogenic treatment is the process of treating work pieces
to cryogenic temperatures (i.e. below 190C) in order to
remove residual stresses and improve wear resistance on
steels.
As part of a safety critical system in passenger vehicles, disc
brakes and the materials used must meet a no. of
requirements. They must have high thermal resilience, a
stable coefficient of friction with temperature to avoid brake
fade, provide a reproducible uniform response as well as
wear uniformly during their service life.
The cryogenic treatment is done on disc brakes so that to
improve them by making them more uniformly hard so they
wear less and last longer or perform better at high
temperature/loading.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Author Journal Result
Example optical images of (a) standard treated and (b) cryotreated rotor
surfaces
Example optical images of (a) standard treated and (b) cryotreated rotor
wear scars
MICROSTRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
Etched microstructures at 50 magnification in (a) standard and (b)
cryotreated specimens; and at 100 magnification in (c) standard and (d)
cryotreated specimens.
ADVANTAGES OF CRYO-
TREATMENT ON DISC-BRAKES
Improves rotor surface strength.
Improves heat resistance.
More distances (miles) can be driven in case
of automobiles before costly changes are
required.
Reduces change over rate of rotors.
Overall life of rotor is increased.
Saving of vehicle down time and labour.
40 % reduction in heat is obtained.
Less costly.
CONCLUSIONS
The main objective of was to study the effects
of cryo-treatment on Disc Brakes. In realizing
the objectives, cryo-treatment was carried
out. The test results have shown consistent
trend as per the theoretical background. It is
evident that the process of cryotreatment has
enhanced the properties appreciably. Cryo-
treatment process could alone improve the
mechanical properties significantly. These
treatments were carried continuously with
minimum time gap between them.
REFERENCES
B. Breur, K.H. Bill, Brake Technology Handbook, SAE International,
Pennsylvania, 2008.
J.D. Darwin, D.M. Lal, G. Nagarajan, Optimization of cryogenic treatment to
maximize the wear resistance of 18% Cr martensitic stainless steel by Taguchi
method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2008.
P.F. Stratton, Optimising nano-carbide precipitation in tool steels, Materials
Science and Engineering, 2007.
P.J. Blau, Compositions, Functions, and Testing of Friction Brake Materials and
their Additives, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 2001.
R.L. Hecht, R.B. Dinwiddie, H. Wang, The effect of graphite flake morphology
on the thermal diffusivity of gray cast irons used for automotive brake discs,
Journal of Materials Science, 1999.
V. Firouzdor, E. Nejati, F. Khomamizadeh, Effect of deep cryogenic
treatment on wear resistance and tool life of M2 HSS drill, 2008
V. Roubicek, H. Raclavska, D. Juchelkova, P. Filip, Wear and environmental
aspects of composite materials for automotive braking industry, 2008.
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