Wastewater

Treatment

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 Wastewater
Engineering
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater is any water that has been
adversely affected in quality by human
activities. It comprises liquid waste discharged
by domestic residences, commercial properties,
industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass
a wide range of potential contaminants and
concentrations.

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 Wastewater
Engineering
Wastewater treatment generates a
Cleaned Water Stream and sludge
Cleaned water my be re-used for

irrigation or rarely drinking water

production or disposed into river
Sludge refers to the residual, semi-solid

material left from industrial wastewater

and comprise solids found in wastewater
plus organisms used in the treatment
process

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HOW DO TREATMENT
PLANTS PROTECT OUR
WATER?
Wastewater treatment plants:

Remove solids - Everything from rags and plastics

to sand and smaller particles found in wastewater
Reduce organic matter and pollutants -
Naturally occurring helpful bacteria and other
microorganisms consume organic matter in
wastewater and are then separated from the water
Restore oxygen - The treatment process ensures
that the water put back into our rivers or lakes has
enough oxygen to support life.

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WHERE DOES
WASTEWATER COME
FROM?
Homes--human and household waste from
toilets, sinks, baths, dishwashers and drains.
Industry, Schools, and Business--chemicals
from factories, food-service operations, school
activities, hospitals, shopping centers, etc.
Storm Water from Runoff water that enters
the sanitary sewer system during a storm.

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Wastewater
Characteristics
Wastewater Flows
The occurrence of wastewater
generating activities can create large
variations in wastewater flows from
residential or non residential
establishments .
Wastewater flows are characterized by
daily and hourly minimum and
maximum flows and instantaneous
peak flows that occur during the day.

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Wastewater Treatment
Classification of Methods
Physical Chemical Biological
Processes Processes Processes
Screening Coagulation Aerobic
Sedimentation flocculation Anaerobic
Filtration process
Chlorination
Chemical
precipitation

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Wastewater
Characteristics
Wastewater Treatment
Considerations
Objective: To produce water stream
having very low concentration of
pollutants which is safe to dispose
Treatment stages:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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 Waste water Treatment Stages

Primary Treatment:

- Primary treatment is the removal of solid matter called sludge.

- Biological activity is not very important in primary treatment.
- Primary treatment removes about 25-35% of the biodegradable organic matter
of sewage.

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Secondary Treatment:

- Secondary treatment is the biodegradation of organic matter in sewage after

primary treatment..
- Activated sludge systems, trickling filters, and rotating biological
contactors are methods of secondary treatment.
- Microorganisms degrade the organic matter aerobically.
- Secondary treatment removes up to 95% of the biodegradable organic
matter.
Tertiary Treatment:

- Tertiary treatment uses physical filtration and chemical precipitation to remove

all the biologically degradable organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus from
water.
- Tertiary treatment provides drinkable water, whereas secondary treatment
provides water usable only for irrigation.
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Waste Water Treatment
Plant

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Waste Water Treatment
Plant

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Wastewater Treatment
Stages
Primary Treatment

Step 1 Sanitary Sewer

Step 2 Bar Screen
Step 3 Primary Settling Basin

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Step 1: Sanitary Sewers
They carry
wastewater from
homes and businesses
to the raw wastewater
pumping station at the
treatment plant.
Routine cleaning and
closed circuit television
inspection of sanitary
sewer lines helps keep
the sewer collection
system in good shape.
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Step 2: Bar Screen
They let water pass, but
not trash (such as rags,
diapers, etc.). Bar
screens are vital to the
successful operationof a
plant, they reduce the
damage of valves,
pumps, and other units.
The trash is collected
and properly disposed of.
The screened
wastewater is pumped
to the Primary Settling
Basins.

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Step 3: Primary Settling
Basins
They allow smaller
particles to settle from
wastewater by gravity.
This primary wastewater
flows out to the next
stage of treatment.
Scrapers collect the
solid matter that
remains (called "primary
sludge"). A surface
skimmer collects scum
or grease floating on top
of the basins.

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Wastewater Treatment
Stages
Secondary Treatment

Step 1 Aeration Basin

Step 2 Final Settling Basins

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Step 1: Aeration Basins
They supply large amounts of
air to the mixture of primary
wastewater and helpful bacteria
and the other microorganisms
that consume the harmful
organic matter. The growth of
the helpful microorganisms is
speeded up by vigorous mixing
of air (aeration) with the
concentrated microorganisms
(activated sludge) and the
wastewater. Adequate oxygen is
supplied to support the biological
process at a very active level.

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Step 2: Final Settling
Basins
They allow the clumps
of biological mass (the
microorganisms) to
settle from the water
by gravity. This
mixture, called
"activated sludge," is
returned to the
aeration basins to help
maintain the needed
amount of
microorganisms.

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Wastewater Treatment
Stages
Tertiary Treatment

Step 1 Primary Sludge to Sludge

Thickener
Step 2 Digester
Step 3 Subsurface Injection

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Step 1: Sludge thickener

The primary sludge

continues on to the
Sludge Thickener where
the solids are concentrated
and pumped to the
anaerobic digesters.

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Step 2: Digesters

Primary and activated

sludges are anaerobically
digested (decomposed by
bacteria without the
presence of air) in the
digester. Stabilized
sludge has little odor and
conforms to the EPA
requirements to further
reduce harmful
microorganisms.
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Digesters

Methane gas is
produced by this
anaerobic digestion and
is used as fuel for an
engine-generator
providing electrical
power used in the
treatment process.

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Step 3: Subsurface
injection
Application of the
stabilized sludge
(biosolids) onto farmland
by subsurface
injection (ploughing).
The biosolids are utilized
in an environmentally
acceptable manner as a
beneficial and valuable
fertilizer and soil
conditioner.

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