Foliacin y Lineacin

Dr. Carnero
 Definiciones

Foliacin y lineacin son estructuras mesoscpicas (muestra a

escala del afloramiento), penetrativas en el seno de la roca y que le
imparten una fbrica de tipo planar o linear.

Son producidas por deformacin de las rocas y en general estn

asociadas a estructuras mapeables como son: pliegues y fallas.

La foliacin y lineacin se generan en mbito metamrfico.

En ingls: Foliation & Lineation

Foliation Simplified as Cleavage *

Foliacin Simplificada como Esquistosidad *

* Excepto para los gneises, para los que se mantiene foliacin o bandeamiento
 Categoras bsicas de fbrica

a) Fbrica aleatoria
b) Lineacin
c) Foliacin
d) Foliacin y lineacin

Tectonitas resultantes: a) Tectonita S b) Tectonita L Tectonita LS

Fbrica continua o espaciada

a)Fbrica continua

b)Fbrica discontinua
 Tipos de Foliacin
Pizarrosidad (Slaty cleavage)
Definida por planos o lminas con pequeo espaciamiento.
En los planos, concentracin de arcillas o pequeas micas orientadas
paralelamente.
 Pizarra formada por sedimentos de grano fino como limolitas.
Slates are formed from fine-grained sediments such as mudstone and shale. When
these are compressed and heated a little, tiny new flakes of mica grow, and tend to line
themselves up at right angles to the direction of compression. Although the individual
mica crystals cannot be seen, the rock breaks along a particular direction, or cleavage
plane. Here you can see the cleavage, and you can also see that it is not parallel to the
original bedding marked by dark and light bands. Field of view 2.5 mm.
Roca originada por la alternacin de estratos de limos y lodo.

This rock originally consisted of alternating layers of silty material and mud. When
it was compressed, the silty layers folded and the rock as a whole became a slate.
The cleavage is best developed in the finer layers, but you can see that it cuts
right through the folded silty layer too. Field of view 2.5 mm.
 La filita similar a la pizarra, no es formada a grandes
temperaturas. Al microscopio se ve cristales paralelos.
A phyllite is similar to a slate, except that it forms at higher temperatures. Now the
new mica flakes are large enough to see under the microscope, and form mats of
crystals (pink when seen between crossed polarisers) lying parallel to each other.
In hand specimen this rock has a glossy sheen, but individual mica crystals cannot
be distinguished with the naked eye. Field of view 2.5 mm, polarising filters.
Esquistosidad (Schistosity)
El metamorfismo se dio a grandes temperaturas, micas alargadas.
At higher temperatures of metamorphism, new mica flakes grow larger. If they
line up parallel to each other, they form a schistosity - the rock will split along
these directions. In this schist you can see both brown and colourless mica
flakes. Field of view 1.5 mm.
Esquistos, visto al microscopio hay paralelismo de micas de colores.
In this schist, viewed between crossed polarisers, the parallel mica flakes show up in
bright colours, and large rounded garnet crystals appear black. Field of view 6 mm,
polarising filters.
 Bandeamiento
gnisico

Bandas gruesas, centimtricas

de distinta composicin.

- Cuarzo Feldespato

- Ferromagnesianos
Crenulacin
Foliacin desarrollada por microplegamiento
Crenulacin simtrica y asimtrica
Foliacin milontica
 Relacin
foliacin -
plegamiento

Sinclinal inclinado con desarrollo

de pizarrosidad de plano axial.
Apalaches del Sur
Esquistosidad en abanico en el plano axial
 Procesos de desarrollo de la foliacin
(en aumento con el grado metamrfico )
1. Rotacin de minerales planos y alargados
 2. Disolucin

Disolucin y aplanamiento para

formar un dominio de foliacin
Foliacin por disolucin

Pizarra Arenisca
Plegamiento y disolucin

Caso de la crenulacin

Crenulacin en Sierra Nevada -Tobisch

3 Recristalizacin orientada

Minerales sometidos a grandes esfuerzos.

Diversas formas de adquisicin
del bandeamiento gnisico
Lineacin
3

1. De interseccin
Entre la estratificacin y una
esquistosidad
2
2. De Crenulacin
Formada por los ejes de los
micropliegues.

3. Mineral
Alineamiento de minerales
alargados
- reorientacin o 1
- recristalizacin

4. De estiramiento
Lineacin de crenulacin
Lineacin mineral
Lineacin de estiramiento - Boudinage
Boudinage - estiramiento
Mullions, formacin paralela