AIR CONDITIONING OF SMALL

BUILDINGS
PREPARED BY
NOOR AZILA BINTI JAMARI
LECTURER
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
Cooling system vary mostly by the way heat is
transferred from the rooms to the refrigeration
machine/mechanical room and from there to the
heat sink. The choice of the heat transfer
methods depends on building type and size.
Cooling system are often classified by the fluids
that are used to transfer the heat from the
habitable spaces to the refrigeration
machine/mechanical room.
SYSTEM
Choice of system will depend on building
purpose and degree of occupancy. There are
three categories :
i. All -Air system
ii. All-water system
iii. Combination Air-water System
ALL-AIR SYSTEM
Air is blown across the cold evaporator coil and then
delivered by ducts to the rooms that require cooling.

Air systems can effectively ventilate, filter and

dehumidify air.
The main disadvantages lies in the bulky ductwork
that is required.

Schematic diagram of an all-air

system.
.
ALL-WATER SYSTEM
The water is chilled by the evaporator coil and then
delivered to fan-coil units in each space. Although the
piping in the building takes up very little space, the
fan-coil units in each room do required some space.
Ventilation, dehumidification and filtering of air are
possible but not as effective as with an air system.

Schematic diagram of an all-water

system.
.
COMBINATION AIR-WATER SYSTEM
In smaller buildings, the heat given off by a refrigeration machine/mechanical
room is usually dumped into the atmosphere by blowing outdoor air over the
condenser coil.
To make this heat transfer more efficient, water can be sprayed over the
condenser coil.
Medium sized buildings often use a specialized piece of equipment called an
evaporative condenser to dump heat into the atmosphere by evaporating water.
A cooling tower also dumps heat into the atmosphere by evaporating water.
This cooling tower is pumped to the refrigeration machine/mechanical room.
Most cooling towers are placed on roofs.

Schematic diagram of an air-water system.

.
Common locations for centralized mechanical equipment
spaces in large multistorey buildings.
AIR CONDITIONING OF SMALL
BUILDINGS
There are 3 units air conditioning in small
building :
i. Window units
ii. Packaged units
iii. Split units
WINDOW UNITS
For air conditioning single spaces like motel rooms, a window units is used.
The condenser coil, compressor and one fan are on the exterior side of an
internal partition. The compressor is on the outside because it is the noisiest
part of the equipment.
On the interior side of the partition there is the evaporator coil and a fan to blow
air over it.
As indoor air passes over the evaporator coil, its temperature is often lowered
below its dew point temperature.
An adjustable opening in the interior partition allows a controlled amount of
fresh air to enter for ventilation purposes.
A schematic diagram for a window unit air
conditioner that can heat as well as cool
PACKAGED UNITS
Packaged units are pre-engineered self-
contained units where most of the mechanical
equipment is assembled at the factory.
They offer low installation, operating and
maintenance costs.
Rooftop versions are the most common with
each unit serving a separate zone.
Packaged units are also used on the ground for
building with crawl spaces or above suspended
ceiling when there is enough space below the
roof.
PACKAGED UNITS
Packaged units can contain both
heating and cooling equipment
WATER COOLED PACKAGED UNIT
(WATER-COOLED)
WATER COOLED PACKAGED UNIT
(AIR-COOLED)
SPLIT UNITS
Most homes and some other buildings find the
split units to be most appropriate.
In the split unit, the compressor and condenser
coils are outdoors while the air handling unit
with the evaporator coil is indoors.
The air handling unit also contains the central
heating systems.
 The illustrate the use of split systems for a small office building.
The air handling units (AHU) with their evaporator coils and
heating systems are in a mechanical equipment room (MER)
The supply ducts are above a suspended ceiling but on the
indoor side of the roof insulation.
The air is supplied to each room through a top register or a
ceiling diffuser. Return air grilles and ducts bring the air back
to the air handling units.

A schematic diagram of a split unit system

.
Two split units for a small office building.
SPLIT UNIT WALL MOUNTED
SPLIT UNIT CEILING MOUNTED
SPLIT UNIT- CASSETTE TYPE
SIMPLIFIED INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
SIMPLIFIED INSTALLATION AND
MAINTENANCE
SPLIT UNIT- FLOOR STANDING
SPLIT UNIT CEILING DUCTED
FLOOR STANDING FREE BLOW
FREE STANDING VERTICAL DISCHARGE