REFERENCING &

PARAPHRASING

Tatum S. Adiningrum
Margaret Astrid Tika
Workshop Aims
To introduce referencing style used at
Binus International
To introduce summarising, quoting and
paraphrasing skills
To introduce reference list
Referencing
What is referencing
Referencing is a system used in the academic
community to indicate where ideas, theories,
quotes, facts and any other evidence and
information used to support your assignments,
can be found. (Staffordshire University, 2008)
Referencing method:
American Psychologi Association (APA) used at
BI
Harvard style
Note System
etc
Why do you need to
reference?
To show that you appreciate other
peoples ideas
To show that you have done your
assignment, not only the paper result,
but the research that goes with it
To give direction to other people who
might need to trace your source.
To avoid plagiarism accusation
What do you need to
reference
Anything that is not your own idea. In Academic Writing, this often
includes, but is not limited to:

Books and E-books

Journal articles, both paper and electronic;
Internet sources;
Articles from magazines and newspaper;
Lectures and seminars;
Interviews;
E-mail communication;
Telephone conversation;
Thesis/Dissertation
Your own past assignment.

Basically, everything that you use to build your argument and

does not come from your own thinking. However, common
knowledge does not need to be cited.
QUOTING, SUMMARISING &
PARAPHRASING
How to blend yours and theirs
1. Quoting
Direct quote: copying a source word-by-word, without
alteration.

Short quote:
As plagiarism is often seen as an academic offence,
the treatment of plagiarisers is mostly through
catch and punish (Devlin, 2006, p. 46), thus the
focus is how to deal with students when caught.

According to Diamond (1998), Because technology

begets more technology, the importance of an
inventions diffusion potentially exceeds the
importance of the original invention (p. 301).
1. Quoting
Long quote:
In relation to students from non-English speaking
backgrounds, Scollon (1995, p.6) argues:
The apparent difficulty that at least some non-native writers
of English have incorrectly using reference, quotation, and
paraphrase, and in avoiding plagiarism, might be better
construed as reflecting a different ideological base. That is,
some of this difficulty should be understood not as an inability
to learn something simple, but
rather as unconscious resistance to an implicit ideology

Examples taken from Adiningrum (2008).

 1. Quoting

You use quotes:

- When you feel that the authors words

are very powerful and that you cannot

paraphrase them without changing their
meaning or impact to the readers.

Do not overuse quotations, treat them like a

precious jewel!
2. Paraphrasing (Indirect
quoting)
In simple words: to write other peoples ideas in
your own words.
Process:
Reading the material - complete understanding of the
ideas rewrite in your own words, in your own style
It is a skill, thus it will get better with practice.
It is not, however, substituting words with
their synonyms!
Paraphrase a sentence when you want the

readers to understand all of its points.

 Example:
Original:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes,
and as a result they overuse quotation in the final research
paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should
appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive
to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials
while taking notes.
Lester, J. D.Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976) 46-47

A. Acceptable paraphrase: B. A plagiarized version:

In research papers,
students often quote
excessively, failing to keep
quoted material down to a
desirable level. Since the
problem usually originates
during note taking, it is
essential to minimize the
material recorded verbatim
(Lester, 1976).
Taken from Adiningrum, 2008.
Students often use too many
direct quotations when they
take notes, resulting in too
many of them in the final
research paper. In fact,
probably only about 10% of
the final copy should consist
of directly quoted material.
So it is important to limit the
amount of source material
copied while taking notes
(Lester, 1976).
3. Summarizing
A summary presents only the most
important ideas of a passage, leaving out
specific details.
Summarize a passage when you want to
give a brief overview of a text.

Remember!
Summarized texts must be
cited too.
How to make a good
summary
1. Read carefully, and find the main points of
the paragraph.
2. The points presented should follow
chronological order
3. Leave out the flowery details, stick to the
important main points!
4. Reference List
You need to give a comprehensive
reference list at the end of your essay.
It contains of all sources you have
written in your essay.
APA Sample Reference List
Reference
Adiningrum, T.S. (2008). Plagiarize Like an Expert, a handbook for Indonesian
students at Flinders University. Unpublished assignment. (Unpublished
material)
Department of Educational and Training (2005). Professional Learning in
Effective Schools: The Seven Principles of Highly Effective Professional
Learning. Melbourne: Leadership and Teacher Development Branch, Office of
Education. (BOOK)
Salmi, J. (2009). The Challenge of Establishing World-Class University.
Washington DC: The World Bank. (BOOK)
Simons, P. & Ruijters M.N.C (2004). Learning Professionals: Towards an
Integrated Models. In Boshuizen H., Bromme, R. & Grubber, H. (eds),
Gaps & Transitions on the Way from Novice to Expert. New York: Kluwer
Academic Publishers. (CHAPTER ON A BOOK)
Staffordshire University, (2008). Referencing Terminology & Abbreviations.
(downloaded 10 August 2010 from
http://www.staffs.ac.uk/uniservices/infoservices/library/find/referen
ces/jargon/index.php (Webpage)
Webster-Wright, A. (2009). Reframing Professional Development Through
Understanding Authentic Professional Learning. Review of Educational
Research 79 (2), pp. 702-739. (JOURNAL)
Where can you find the
reference information needed
in a book? Publish
er
Locatio
n

Year of
Edition publicatio
n

Authors
Do I have to
cite everything?
No!
You do not need to document:
Widely known facts, or

Information or judgment considered

common knowledge.
 Consider the followings

Which information is common

knowledge?

a. Barack Obama is the 44th and current

President of the United States.

b. Obamas policy highlights the

importance of international cooperation.
So what do we do with the
other information?
We cite it!

Broad and Chang (2010) pointed out that

Obamas policy highlights the
importance of international cooperation.

Note: the above is a paraphrase.

Do not panic...
You will be introduced further to the
skills of using summary, paraphrase and
quotes in the Academic English class.
You can find guides to APA referencing
used at BI in our website:
http://www.binus.ac.id/els/ , or
http://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_
file/0017/51632/APA_Referencing_6th_ed.pd
f (quick guide)
 Useful Glossary
Academic Integrity all work which is presented is
produced by the student alone, with all sources and
collaboration fully acknowledged
Cheating gaining unfair advantage from other students
intentionally
Collusion submitting work as if it had been done
individually when it has been done jointly with one or
more other person unless the topic coordinator has
indicated that this is acceptable for the specific work
in question
 Useful Glossary
Collaboration working together with other students as
directed by your lecturer/tutor, in which each student
contributes equally to the end results
Hidden memory presenting what is thought as an
original idea while it is actually a result of forgotten
past reading
Paraphrase reproduction of other peoples ideas in
your writing using your own words
 Useful Glossary
Patchwriting artificial make-over of other peoples
sentences in your writing, might be a form of a bad
paraphrase.
Plagiarism the use of another persons words or ideas
as if they were ones own
Reference every source that you use to produce your
writing; to provide acknowledgment within and at the
end of your piece of writing
Quote reproduction of other peoples words in your
writing without alteration.
Reference List
Adiningrum, T.S. (2008). Plagiarize Like an Expert, a handbook for
Indonesian students at Flinders University. Unpublished
assignment.
Staffordshire University, (2008). Referencing Terminology &
Abbreviations. (downloaded August 2010 from
http://www.staffs.ac.uk/uniservices/infoservices/library/find/refere
nces/jar gon/index.php)
University of Houston; Academic Center. (2003). Learn to
summarize. Retrieved from
http://www.uhv.edu/ac/research/write/pdf/paraphrase.pdf