DISTRICT HVAC

SYSTEM
 INTRODUCTION
Definition - Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more
favorable conditions.
The control of these conditions may be desirable to maintain the health and comfort of the occupants, or to meet the
requirements of industrial processes irrespective of the external climatic conditions

TYPE OF AIR-CONDITIONING

Window air-conditioning system

Split air-conditioning system
Centralised air-conditioning system
Package air-conditioning system
 DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM
District Cooling Systems (DCS) is a system which distribute chilled water or other media, usually provided from a dedicated
cooling plant, to multiple buildings for air conditioning or other uses.
OR
District Cooling System (DCS) can be defined as centralized production and distribution of chilled water from a cooling plant
to residential, commercial and industrial facilities trough a network of underground pipes.

DC means the centralized production and distribution of cooling energy. Chilled water is delivered via an underground
insulated pipeline to office, industrial and residential buildings to cool the indoor air of the buildings within a district.
Specially designed units in each building then use this water to lower the temperature of air passing through the building's
ACS.

The output of one cooling plant is enough to meet the cooling-energy

demand of dozens of buildings. DC can be run on electricity or natural gas,
and can use either regular water or seawater. Along with electricity
and water, DC constitute a new form of energy service.

OBJECTIVE OF DCS

To centralized production of chilled water by using district cooling plant.

The generated chilled water will then be channeled to various building blocks
through pre-insulated seamless underground pipes.
 HOW DISTRICT COOLING WORKS?
1. Chilled water is produced in a central plant and
distributed via a system of pipes that can
run underground, on the surface or over rooftops.
2. Inside the buildings, these transmission pipes are
normally connected to a conventional air handling
unit or fan coil that allows the water to chill the air
passing through.
3. This means multiple chiller units placed locally are
no longer required.
4. Once the required thermal energy has been extracted
from the cold water, this water is returned to the
central plant to be re-chilled and re-circulated
through the closed-loop piping system.
5. This cooling system is more flexible and also
operates with higher efficiency under all load
conditions than traditional chillers.
 District Cooling Process

District Cooling is a simple process:

A central plant chills water

A primary water circuit then distributes the chilled water to

customers' buildings through an underground insulated pipes
network

A secondary water circuit in the customers' building

circulates the cold water

Air is then forced past the cold water tubing to produce an

A/C environment

The warmer water of the primary circuit is returned to the

central plant to be re-chilled and recycled
During the last decades, it has been
observed that the annual electricity
consumption rised and reached high
levels, especially during the summer
periods, due to the increased demand
of air conditioning and refrigeration,
mainly with electric systems.
New Invented Technology
for Air-Conditioning System
DISTRICT CHILLED BEAM
COOLING SYSTEM
SYSTEM

District Cooling Systems (DCS) is a system which distribute chilled water or other media, usually provided
from a dedicated cooling plant, to multiple buildings for air conditioning or other uses.
 District Cooling System
The Advantages
1. Improve energy
efficiency
2. Protect environment
3. Save spaces
4. Improve urban view
5. Reduce manpower for
operation and
maintenance
 District Cooling System
How The System Work ?
DC means the centralized production and distribution of
cooling energy. Chilled water is delivered via an
underground insulated pipeline to office, industrial and
residential buildings to cool the indoor air of the buildings
within a district. Specially designed units in each building
then use this water to lower the temperature of air
passing through the buildings ACS.
The output of one cooling plant is enough to meet the
cooling-energy demand of dozens of buildings. DC can
be run on electricity or natural gas, and can use either
regular water or seawater. Along with electricity and
water, DC constitute a new form of energy service.
 District Cooling System
Why It Is Environmental Friendly ?
District cooling helps the
environment by increasing energy
efficiency and reducing
environmental emissions including
air pollution, the greenhouse gas
(GHG) carbon dioxide(CO2) and
ozone-destroying refrigerants.
District cooling can reduce annual
CO2emissions by about 1 ton for
every ton of district cooling
refrigeration demand served
DCS Network Diagram
DCS Network Diagram
 DCS- APPLICATION IN MALAYSIA

KUALA LUMPUR
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
PUTRAJAYA

UKM
BANGSAR
 DCS - COMPONENTS

Central Chiller Plant generate chilled

water for cooling purposes
Distribution Network distribute chilled
water to building
User Station interface own building
air-conditioning circuit
How It Works
District cooling follows a simple process as illustrated below

Water is chilled at a central cooling plant

Chilled water is pumped through a network of underground insulated pipes to customers buildings

An air-conditioning water system inside the customers building circulates the chilled water

Air is then pumped through the chilled water piping of the air-conditioning system producing cold air

Components of the district cooling system:

Central cooling plant

Pipe Distribution Network (PDN)

Energy Transfer Station (ETS) or customer connection point.

Benefits Of District Cooling
Benefits for Users:
District Cooling is 40% - 60% more energy efficient than conventional systems.
It has substantially lower operating costs, higher operating reliability and availability.
It reduces construction cost as air-conditioning systems typically constitute up to 10% of overall building costs. By
outsourcing air-conditioning requirements, developers are able to reduce their overall building cost.
District Cooling reduces maintenance costs as air-conditioning systems, especially in large buildings, require
regular professional maintenance.
District Cooling improves air quality and temperature control. These are normally difficult to monitor and regulate,
especially if the system is operating below optimal levels.
District cooling offers a high potential for economies of scale through the use of a single central unit to replace
multiple individual units.
District Cooling increases revenue-generating potential. Air conditioning systems are usually installed on the roof
or in individual offices/apartments. By utilizing district cooling, these air-conditioning units are no longer required.

Benefits for Community:

Reduces CO2 emissions
Enhances aesthetics and improves local environments by such means as eliminating noise and vibrations.
Reduces energy consumption. Consumption by air-conditioning systems is estimated to peak at up to 70% of
overall electricity consumption during the summer.
Reduces pollution. Air-conditioning operators are under increasing pressure to comply with the Chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) phase-out imposed by the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. District cooling
systems thus offer an alternative route to CFC.
Offers cooling from a sustainable source.
Benefits for Government:
DC is recognized as being potentially the biggest immediate win in terms of the impact on the supply side of the
power equation.
Because power is a subsidized commodity, impact on demand is an impact on national resources.
Natural gas is a finite resource. Addressing the demand on power generation is, hence, part of the national gas
conservation strategy.
District cooling has an impact on the supply side of the equation and is a major quick win as a saving on carbon
emissions.
Efficiency with regards to cooling spaces can be seen in savings on power transmission/distribution networks,
space (corridor consumption) and substation construction (66Kv, 11Kv,..) and associated cabling.
Adopting district cooling increases a governments credibility in pursuing an environmentally sustainable future
District Cooling Overview
District cooling is an essential utility for sustainable economic and urban development.
In its simplest form, district cooling is the production and distribution of chilled water from a central source to
facilitate air conditioning. This is done by producing chilled water at a central plant and then piping the water to
customers through an underground insulated pipes network.
District cooling is suitable for large-scale, high density developments such as downtown business districts, airports,
military bases, university campuses, residential towers and commercial establishments.
Depending on availability, district cooling plants can utilize a variety of conventional fuels such as coal, oil or
natural gas. They can also be converted to use renewable fuels such as biomass, geothermal, and combined heat
and power.
District Cooling is a simple process:
A central plant chills water
A primary water circuit then distributes the chilled water to customers' buildings through an underground
insulated pipes network
A secondary water circuit in the customers' building circulates the cold water
Air is then forced past the cold water tubing to produce an A/C environment
The warmer water of the primary circuit is returned to the central plant to be re-chilled and recycled
District Cooling Overview
District cooling is an essential utility for
sustainable economic and urban
development.
In its simplest form, district cooling is
the production and distribution of
chilled water from a central source to
facilitate air conditioning. This is done
by producing chilled water at a central
plant and then piping the water to Benefits of District Cooling
customers through an underground District cooling is a superior alternative
District Cooling
insulated pipes network. Process to conventional air conditioning as it
Districtcooling
District Coolingisissuitable a simplefor process:
large- helps reduce energy consumption and
A central plant
scale, high density developments such
chills water costs to both customers and
A primary water circuit then distributes the chilled water to customers' buildings through an
asunderground
downtown business districts, airports,
insulated pipes network
A secondary water circuit in the customers' building circulates the cold water
governments alike, while also protecting
military bases, university campuses,
Air is then forced past the cold water tubing to produce an A/C environment
The warmer water of the primary circuit is returned to the central plant to be re-chilled and
the environment by cutting carbon
residential
recycled
towers and commercial dioxide emissions. Some of the
establishments. advantages district cooling has over
Depending on availability, district traditional air conditioning include:
cooling plants can utilize a variety of 50% less energy consumption
Decreases initial capital investment and spreads costs over a longer period of time
conventional fuels such as coal, oil or Annual maintenance costs are substantially lower
DISTRICT COOLING PROVEN BENEFITS
District cooling LOWER
systems produce CONSTRUCTION
chilled water, COSTS FOR EACH
steam or hot water BUILDING WITHIN
at a central plant THE DISTRICT
and then pipe that District cooling
energy out (either systems eliminate
underground or over the need for
rooftops) to chillers, cooling
buildings for air towers, pumps and