Bus Protection Scheme

I1 I2 I3 I4 In

Kirchhoffs Current Law I= 0

High Impedance Circulating Current Scheme Compare the current leaving and entering
the bus-bar
Biased Differential Low Impedance Circulating Current Scheme-The operating current is
the vector sum of all the circuit current. Resultant bias is proportional to arithmetic sum of
all the circuit currents.
 High-Impedance Differential Scheme

E1 Ud =0
EQUIPMENTS
E2
NORMAL DUTY
E1 IR1 IR2 E2

R VS
E
L (70mA) EXTERNAL FAULT CT2 SATURATED
A (100-400V)
Y
VS

RCT1 RL1 RL2 RCT2

INTERNAL FAULT

IM1 IR
WCT1 E1 WCT2
LMA1 LMA2 E2
 Low Impedance Differential Protection

i1 DIFF.

i2 RATIO MATCHING & SCALING DIFF UNBIASED DIFF

PRE FILTERING

PHASOR ESTIMATION
UNBIASED
CURRENT
i3
DIFF 1

RESTRAIN L
in
CURRENT
DIFF 2 O
G
DIFF
I BIASED
DIRECTION

C
ELEMENT
SATURATION
DETECTOR
 Low Impedance Differential Protection(LOGIC)

DIFFL BIASED BUS DIFF

AND

OR
DIR

OR
SAT
AND
OPERATE
DIFFH

ERN
PATT
|Id|

AULT

FA
UL
AL F

T
BLOCK

RN
INTE
NAL
EXTER
Ir
LOW HIGH