BIODIVERSITY

Reported by : Joyce Zabala

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity
- defined as the variety of life, may be expressed at different levels of
biological organization, namely, genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
Did You Know?

More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to

over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are
estimated to be extinct.
Organisim
Is the lowest level of biological organization in ecology.

may be unicellular or multicellular

Population
Individualsof the same species tend to interact wit one another
and live together in groups called Population.

Increase their chances of survival

A group of interbreeding individuals

Interbreeding individuals can mate
Biotic Community
Populations of different species plants, animals, microorganisms.

feeding relationship

Every species performs specific roles in the feeding relationship

Plants producers or autotrophs
Animals macroconsumers or phagotrophs
Dead organic matter microconsumers or saprotrophs
Biotic Community
Ecological
niches - is the role and position a species has in its
environment.

Ecological relationships
Predation - is when one organism eats another organism to obtain
nutrients
Competition - is when individuals or populations compete for the same
resource
Commensalism - is a relationship in which one organism benefits while
the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Parasitism - is a relationship in which one organism benefits and the
other organism is harmed, but not always killed.
Mutualism is a relationship in which both species benefit.
Ecosystem
Ecosystems include more than a community of living organisms
(abiotic) interacting with the environment (abiotic). At this level
note how they depend on other abiotic factors such as rocks,
water, air and temperature.

Thetype of environment in which an organism lives is known as its

habitat.

Each habitat has its own set of environmental factors which make
it different from other habitats
Ecosystem
Foran organism to be able to live in a particular habitat, it must be
able to do

a) It must be able to tolerate the environmental conditions in the place

b) It bust be able to protect itself from or compete efficiently with other
organisms which can also tolerate the same environmental
conditions.
Biosphere
Is
formed by the merging of all ecosystems all over the earths
surface.
Includes
the lower atmosphere, the surface of the lithosphere and
the ocean floor
How does diversity at different levels of
biological organization contribute to the
survival of species?
Genetic Diversity
Noindividuals are exactly alike. Because of variation in phenotypes
exists among members of the same population
These differences may be a result of variation in genotypes
Theoffspring of two individuals are never exactly like either one of
two parents.
There are two parameters that measure the ecological success and
fitness of organisms
a) Survivorship
b) Reproductive success
Genetic Diversity
Naturalselection favors the survival of fit of organisms and
persistence of genes that contribute to their ecological success
Species Diversity
12.5million species, more than 10 million of which have yet to be
discovered.
Contributes to the survivan of the other species by,
a) Serving as important food sources
b) Acting as decomposers to return nutrients into the cycling pool
c) Providing habitats,protection, or breeding grounds for other species.
Ecosystem Diversity
Ecosystem basic unit of structure and function in ecology
Made up of a community of different species interacting with each
other and the abiotic factors of the environment.
Every ecosystem has
a) A particular contribution to the continued operation of the biosphere
b) A specific role in ensuring the survival of all the species it supports.
Ecosystem Diversity
Integrative levels
- This means that small diverse units at lower levels interact.
They combine to produce larger functional wholes at higher levels of
organization.

There is unity in diversity

- Genetic diversity allows variation among members of the same
species.
- Ensures that even with fluctuations in environment conditions,
there are individuals with adaptive characters which gave them a
fighting chance in a changed environment.
Ecosystem Diversity
Provides varied habitats for different species assemblages.
Life
in a community is influenced by abiotic factors in the
environment
Thesurvival of the species depends on the integrity of this
complex web of interactions that was built by millions of years of
evolution.
Sources :
VIBAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10
http://
education.seattlepi.com/five-types-ecological-relationships-4019.htm
l
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
Thank You