ADENOVIRU

Presented by
Preethi p r
D3 biotechnology
 INTRODUCTION
Adenoviruses(membersofthefamily
Adenoviridae)aremedium-sized(90100
nm),nonenveloped(withoutanouterlipid
bilayer)viruseswithanicosahedral
nucleocapsidcontainingadoublestranded
DNAgenome.Theirnamederivesfrom
theirinitialisolationfromhumanadenoids
in1953.[1
 MORPHOLOGY
Thecapsidiscomposedof252capSomersarrangedasan

icosahedronwith20triangularfacetsand12vertices.

Ofthe252capsomers,240havesixneighboursandarecalled

hexons, whilethe12capsomersattheverticeshavefive

neighboursarecalled pentons.
CHARACTERISTICSOFADENOVIRUS
Theycauserespiratorysyndromessuchaspneumonia
Eyeandgastrointestinalinfections
Notknowntocausecancerinhumans,onlyin
experimentalanimalmodels
Adenovirusesdividedintogroups
A-F
Thisclassificationisbasedonabilitytoagglutinate
blood
ADENOVIRUSASSOCIATEDDISEASES

Mostdiseaseselflimitinglastforapp-2weeks
-upperrespiratory
-lowerrespiratory
-gastrointiritis
-conjunctivitis
-pharyngitis

Diseasedependsonstrain,patientage,transmissionrouteetc

Adenovirusoncogenicallytransformsrodentcellsbutnot
humancells

 Adenovirustransmission
Ingestion/Fecal-Oral
Respiration(throughdroplets)
Contact/handtoeye
Venereal

Adenovirusprevention
Personalhygiene
Chlorinationofpools,drinking
water
Handwashing
Adenovirus infection cycle
1. Entrybyendocytosis;releaseof
core
2. EntryofDNA/coreprotein
complextonucleus
3-5. SynthesisofE1AandE1B
transcripts;exporttocytoplasm&
translation
6-9.ImportofE1proteinsinto
nucleus;transcription,export&
translationofEarlyproteins
10-13.Earlyproteinsimportedto
nucleus;combinewithhostproteins
inDNAreplication,lategene
transcription
14-17.Transcriptsexportedto
cytoplasm,translatedtostructural
proteins,importedtonucleus
18-19.Particleassemblyandrelease
 REPLICATIONCYCLE
1) AbsorptionandPenetration
Bind to cell surface receptor
Enters cell by endocytosis
2) Transcription
Early transcription- Codes for non-structural, regulatory
proteins
Late transcription- Codes for replication substrates and
machinery
3) Assembly
4) Exit-Celllysis
LABDIAGNOSIS
Specimen Collection
Specimensaredirectlycollectedbyvigorouslyswipingtheexposed
conjunctivawithaplasticsoft-tippedapplicator

Cell culture
Collectedsamplesarelayeredonamonolayerofcellsintesttubes.
Adenoviruswillpresentascytopathiceffectofroundedcells

Shell Vial Culture

Shellvialisanothercellculturetestbuttheresultsarereadyinthree
days.VialsofA549cellsareinoculatedwithcollectedsamplesand
centrifuged.Thevialsarethenincubatedandstainedatdaythreewith
immunofluorescentantibodiesspecifictoAdenovirus.Thecellsinfected
withAdenoviruswilllightupwithexaminationunderafluorescent
microscope.
 PCR
PolymeraseChainReaction(PCR)isamoleculartestthat
amplifiesspecificadenoviralDNAsequencesfromclinical
samplesandthenidentifiestheamplifiedproductswithgel
techniques.PCRisahighlysensitiveandspecifictestthatcan
detectadenoviralDNAfromclinicalsamples.
PROPHYAXIS

Vaccinationwithattenuatedstrains

Oraladministrationofvirusenclosedincapsule.

Adenovirusstructuralprotein-inductionofneutralising

Abs