CLASSIFICATION OF

VARIABLES

Variables can be classified

according to:
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE - "Explanatory variable"
- is the variable you have control over, what you can
choose and manipulate.
- usually affects the dependent variable.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE "Explained variable"

- the values that result from the independent variables.
- is the presumed effect or response to the change in the
values of independent variables.
 CONTINIUTY OF VALUES
CONTINUOUS VARIABLEs
- are variables that take values as whole numbers,
fractions, and decimals.
- is a quantity that has a changing value and any value is
possible.

DISCRETE VARIABLEs
- are variables that take values as whole numbers only.
- values that come from equal-sized intervals.
 SCALE OF MEASUREMENT

NOMINAL
- can differentiate one object from another but no
amount of difference them can be determined.

ORDINAL
- the data are presented or arranged in some
specific order or rank.
INTERVAL
- can identify one object from another not only that
of comparison or ranking but we can also specify the
definite amount of difference.

RATIO
- are interval variables, but with the added
condition that 0 (zero) of the measurement indicates
that there is none of that variable.
 THE SUMMATION
NOTATION
one of the commonly used
mathematical symbols in statistics, the
uppercase-Greek letter called sigma.
- used as summation operator.
- is the addition version of factorial.
 THEOREMS
THEOREM 1.1
If Xk represents the kth term or summand for all values of k
from 1 to n, then
n

X k = X1 + X2 + ... +
Xn
THEOREM 1.2 k=1

If c is any nonzero constant, then

n

c = nc
k=1
THEOREM 1.3
If c is any nonzero constant and p is an integer less
than n, then
n n-p

c c=(np+
= 1)c
k=1 k=0

THEOREM 1.4
If c is any nonzero constant, then
n n

cX k c = Xk
= k=1

k=1

THEOREM 1.5
If a and b are any nonzero constants, then
n n n

(a X k ) = a b Yk
b Yk Xk
k=1 k=1 k=1
PRESENTED BY:

INGALLA, SAMANTHA ABIGAIL M.