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AR
SYSTEMS
Didik Setiawan
LECTURE DESCRIPTION
Type, function, and properties of
muscular tissue

Microscopic anatomy of a skeletal

muscle fiber

Contraction and relaxation of skeletal

muscle fiber

Muscle metabolism
TYPES OF MUSCULAR
TISSUE
Types of
muscula Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
r tissue

Non-
microscopic striated striated
striated

Works
Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
manner

Skeletal
example Cardio GI tract
muscle
FUNCTION OF MUSCULAR TISSUE

Producing body movement

Stabilizing body movements

Storing and moving substances within the

body

Generating heat
PROPERTIES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE

Autorhytmic electrical signal (hearts

Electrical pacemaker)
excitability Chemical stimuli (Neurotransmitter)

Ability to contract when stimulated by an

contractility action potential

extensibility Ability to stretch without being damage

The ability to return to its original length

Elasticity and shape after contraction and extensions
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF
A SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER
COMPONENT OF MUSCLE
FIBER
Sarcolemma Plasma membrane

Transverse Tunnel in from d surface toward the

(T) tubule center of each muscle fiber

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

sarcoplasm
Includes amount of glycogen ATP

Myoglobin Binds O2 from interstitial fluid

 Contractile organelles of
skeletal muscle
myofibril
2m, extend the entire
length of muscle fiber

Encircle each myofibril

Sarcoplasmi Similar to smooth RE
c reticulum Release Ca2+ triggers
muscle contraction
MYOFIBRIL

Thin filament 8nm

filament
Thick filament 16nm

sarcomer Basic functional unit of

e myofibril
SKELETAL MUSCLE
FIBER PROTEIN
CONTRACTILE PROTEIN
Myosin
Thick filament
Consist of a tail and two myosin heads

actin
Thin filament
There is Myosin binding site
REGULATORY PROTEIN
troponin
Ca2+ binding site
Undergoes a change in shape of thin
filament

tropomyosin
When relaxed, tropomyosin covers the
myosin-binding site on actin molecule
STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
function
Protein that keep the thick and thin filament
of the myofibril in proper alligment,

Give the myofibril elasticity and extensibility

Link the myofibril to the sarcolemma and

extracellular matrix

Titin, -actinin, myomesin, nebulin,

dystrophin
 The Sliding Filament Mechanism

CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
FIBER
 Need ATP and high concentration of Ca2+

THE CONTRACTION
CYCLE
INITIATION OF
CONTRACTION
Sebelum terjadi kontraksi, R Sarcoplasmic
melepaskan Ca2+ ke sitosol

Ca2+ ditangkap/diikat oleh troponin

Troponin merubah posisi tropomyosin

sehingga myosin-binding site terbuka
kontraksi
1. ATP hydrolysis

Pada Kepala myosin terdapat

ATP-binding site dan ATP-ase
Hidrolisis ATP menjadi ADP+P
menyebabkan kepala myosin
mengalami reorientasi dan
mendapat energi
(ADP+P masih menempel di
kepala myosin)
2. Attachment of myosin to actin
to form crossbridges

Kepala myosin yg telah

diberi energi menempel
pada actin di bagian
myosin binding site
Myosin melepaskan
gugus fosfat hasil
hidrolisis ATP
3. Power Stroke
Tempat pengikatan ADP pada
crossbridge terbuka ADP
dilepaskan
crossbridges berputar dan
menghasilkan tenaga menuju
pusat dari sarcomere
Meluncurkan thin filament
melewati thick filament menuju M
line
4. Detachment of
myosin to actin
Ketika terdapat ATP,
dan mengikat kepala
myosin, maka
crossbridge lepas
Thin filament kembali
ke tempat asal.
 Continous

REVIEW
NEUROMUSCULAR J
UNCTION
COMPLETE REVIEW
Production of ATP in Muscle Fibers

MUSCLE
METABOLISM
FUNCTION OF ATP IN
MUSCULAR CELLS

Power
Power the
the contraction
contraction cycle
cycle

Pump
Pump Ca2+
Ca2+ into
into the
the sarcoplasmic
sarcoplasmic
reticulum
reticulum

For
For other
other metabolic
metabolic reactions
reactions involved
involved
in
in muscle
muscle contraction
contraction
 However, the ATP present inside
muscle fiber is enough to power
contraction for only a few
seconds
THREE WAYS TO
PRODUCE ATP
Anaerob Aerob
Creatine
Cellular Cellular
phosphate
Resp Resp

30- >10
15 s
40s m
CREATINE
Contraction ADP level
PHOSPHAT increase
E

C-Kinase catalyzes creatinine

phosphate transfer P to
ADP

This phosphorilation
regenerates new ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
 Fatigue
Oxygen Consumption after exercise

EXTRA
INFORMATION
MUSCLE FATIGUE
The inability of a muscle to maintain force of
contraction after prolonged activity

Caused by
Inadequate release of Ca2+ from SR
Depletion of creatine phosphate
Insufficient O2
Depletion of glycogen and other nutrition
Build up of lactic acid and ADP
Failure AP in the motor neuron to release enough ACh
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
AFTER EXERCISE

To convert lactic acid back into

glycogen stores in the liver

To resynthesize creatine
phosphate and ATP in muscle
fibers

To replace the oxygen removed

from myoglobin
ANY
QUESTION???