Storage tank/Piping

Facilities and Inspection

Frequencies

Sanal S
Dy. Manager
(Insp.)
 Schematics of Inventory in
Refinery

Total Storage Tanks

: 120
LPG sphere/Mounded
Bullets : 13
 Types of
Atmospheric Storage Tank Roofs
 Types of
Atmospheric Storage Tank

Floating roof tanks

Storing volatile products like Crude, HSD, SK,
MS, Naphtha
Minimize evaporation and hence improved
safety
Fixed roof tanks
Storing heavy products like FO, LSHS, VGO,
Bitumen
Floating cum fixed roof tanks
Storing volatile products with stringent quality
ATF, JP5
 Common Nomenclature of a Tank
Fixed Roof
 Common Nomenclature of a Tank
External Floating Roof
 Common Nomenclature of a Tank
Internal Floating Roof
 Why Inspect Your Tanks?

Prevent leaks into groundwater

Establish a baseline of tank condition and

corrosion rates

Identify problems to perform repairs before you

have a significant leak or release -Maintain your
capital asset

Minimize chance of catastrophic tank failure

 Codes & Standards
API 650 : Welded Steel Tank for oil storage
This Standard establishes minimum requirements for material, design,
fabrication, erection, and testing for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground,
closed- and open-top, welded carbon or stainless steel storage tanks in
various sizes and capacities.
API 653 : Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction
This standard covers Above ground steel storage tanks built to API Standard
650 and its predecessor API 12C. It provides minimum requirements for
maintaining the integrity of such tanks after they have been placed in-
service and addresses inspection, repair, alteration, relocation, and
reconstruction.
API 651 : Cathodic Protection of Above Ground Storage Tank (AST)
API 652 : Lining of Above Ground Storage Tank (AST)
API 575 :Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage
Tanks
This standard provides useful information and recommended practices for
the
Inmaintenance
Addition: and inspections for AST.
OISD
API 571 129
: Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the
Refinery
Refining Operating System (ROS-67)
Industry
ATR
 Safe Work Practices
Preparing for Internal Inspections:
The standard mandates that all inspection work
be conducted in a manner that assures the safety
and health of inspection personnel and prevents
workplace property damage.
Section 1.4 of API-653 requires the development
of safety procedures

 Leg Setting

Floating roofs are provided with

pipe support legs. These
support legs support the roof
when the roof is not in floating
condition
During normal operation the
pipe support legs are kept in
low leg position
When the roof is landed for
repair or cleaning, the support
pipes are kept in high leg
position to provide more head
room for persons working
inside the tank .
Tank Inspection
 Inspection Frequency (6.2)

API-653 provides an extensive list of factors to be considered in

determining appropriate inspection intervals for in- service
tanks.

Inspections from Outside the Tank:

According to the standard, all tanks must receive an external
inspection by an authorized inspector at least once every 5
years, or more frequently depending on the rate of tank shell
corrosion.
 Inspection Frequency

Internal Inspections:
API-653 generally requires that all newly installed tanks receive
an internal inspection within 10 years of their entry into service.

However, the maximum initial internal inspection interval may

extend up to 25 years based on the completion of a risk-based
inspection (RBI) assessment and the types of leak prevention,
detection or containment safeguards that have been installed.

Subsequent internal inspections are based on the rate of

corrosion, with the duration extending from 20 to 30 years,
depending on the method used to assess the rate of corrosion.

Corrosion rate may be estimated from tanks in similar service.

If corrosion rate is not known or and similar service assessment

data is not available, the actual t shall be determined,
interval shall not exceed 10year of operation.
 Important Considerations

1. The interval between inspections is most influence

by service history, unless special reason indicate
early inspection (6.2.2).

2. In the case of insulated tanks remove the insulation

to the extent necessary to determine condition of
roof & shell (6.3.2.2).

3. Tank grounding system components, shunts, cable

connections etc. shall be visually checked (6.3.2.3).
 Tank M&I

Empty tank
Isolate
Clean and degas
Inspection blast of floor coating
API 653 inspection
Issue preliminary inspection report and develop
list of maintenance/repair items
Perform tank maintenance and repair work
 Tank M&I

Tank strapping i.e. calibration

Final blast
Tank coating
Final inspection
Return tank to service
Exterior painting or concrete/asphalt work (optional)
Final construction documentation
 Proper Inspection Protocol

Visual inspection of welds, plates, and

appurtenances
UT (Ultra-sonic Thickness) testing of shell courses,
floor, and roof
Vacuum testing of all floor weld seams unless
epoxy coated
Identify bottom side corrosion on floors
Settlement Survey
 Tank Inspection Technique

Magnetic Flux Exclusion (MFE)

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Vacuum Box Testing
Dye Penetrant Testing
Bottom Settlement Survey
 Nondestructive Examinations (NDEs)

Personnel performing NDEs shall meet the

qualifications identified in 12.1.1.2, but need not be
certified in accordance with Annex D.

The results of any NDE work, however, must be

considered in the evaluation of the tank by an
authorized inspector.
 Tank Internal Corrosion
Tank Bottom*:
For tanks with potential sour water present, check
closely for accelerated corrosive attack. This is
usually found at lowest point & at water collecting
pit. Also apply for lower 4-7 of internal shell.
Not internal but related, corrosion often occur to
the under side of tank bottom. For assessing the soil
side , sample plates shell be cut, app. Size of
400mm x 400mm (OISD-129)
Tank Diameter Minimum no. of coupons to be cut

Asphalt bed /old bottom

Soil
plate
30.48m 4 10

45.8 m 6 12

45.8 m 8 16

*Based on experience & personal observations o

 Internal Corrosion

Bottom measurement methods ( 4.4.4):

1. Spot UT measurement
2. Visual, internal survey with hammer test
3. MFLT (Magnetic Flux Leakage)
4. Section removal (i.e. coupons)
Large MFE/UT Floor Scanner
Scans within 2 of Lap Weld
Seams
Marking Corrosion Indications
Circles Topside Corrosion
Square Bottom side Corrosion
 Tank Evaluation(4.5)
Foundation
Cause of foundation deterioration:
1. Settlement
2. Erosion
3. cracking of concrete ( Calcining, under ground
water etc)

calcining (loss of water of hydration) can occur

when concrete has been exposed to sufficiently
high temperature for a period of time. During
intermediate cooling periods, the concrete can
absorb moisture, swell, lose its strength, and
crack;
 Tank Shell - Ultrasonic Testing

On the first shell course an avg. of a minimum of 4 readings shall be taken

on each plate diagonally to arrive at the remaining thickness
On the second course, thickness measurement shall be carried out at two elevations to cover all plates

For the balance shell courses, thickness measurement shall be taken at three elevations covering bottom, middle and top of the shell
 For tanks in Tank Shell
lighter
products
service such as
Motor Spirit &
Naphtha,
pitting is
generally
observed in the
middle courses
of the shell due
to frequent
wetting and
drying of the
shell plates at
this elevation.
In such cases,
thickness
survey should
be more
extensive on
middle shell
courses
 Tank Evaluation
Shell:
1. Extreme upper, non wetted shell area often
experience accelerated corrosion. This is very real
possibility in sour crude or FO storage tanks due to
high sulfur content.
2. Flaws, deterioration greater than corrosion
allowance must be evaluated for continued use
suitability (4.3.1.1).
 Tank Evaluation
Tank Roof/ Support Structural:
1. Roof plates corroded to an average t of less than
0.09(in any 100 inch2). Repair or replaced (4.2.1.2).
2. Should corrosion is found in the upper shell course, the
potential for a like loss should be suspected on the
internal roof plates, rafter/structural members & roof
support columns.
3. The supporting members shall be rejected when the
overall loss in thickness of material exceeds 25 % of
initial thickness (OISD-129).
 Compression Plate Secondary Seal
with Wiper Tip on EFR Tank

The space between outer roof periphery and shell- seal by

flexible device providing a reasonable close fit to shell surface
(C3.13)
 Roof Drain

Emergency roof drain sump shall be filled with clean water before
boxing up of the tank.
 Roof Drain Hose Inspection

All swivel joints shall be thickness surveyed and serviced during every
outage and individually hydro tested.

Roof drain shall be hydro tested at a pressure of 3.5 Kg/cm2. The drain
lines including joints shall be tested for tightness by pressure testing
with water at 3.5 Kg/cm2 (ROS 67).
 Other Tank Appurtenances

Spiral stairway
Ladders
Level gauges
Pressure vacuum vents : Frequency and procedure outlined in
OISD-STD-132 (Inspection of Pressure Relieving Devices) .
Shell and roof man ways
Drain sumps
Roof and Structural Members- All structures may be hammer
tested.
Wind Girders etc
 Other Considerations
Roof nozzles - shall be thickness gauged

Roof leg support - shall be removed for inspection and

thickness of sleeves/legs shall be measured. 10% legs shall be
removed for inspection.

Pontoons - Minimum 25% to be thickness gauged.

Insulation - The insulation from tank bottom shell course

approx. 200 mm shall be kept bare.

Heating Coil - Heating coil including the supports shall be

hammer tested, particularly at the underside of coil and bends.
Ultrasonic thickness measurement shall be taken. The slope of
the heating coils shall be checked for proper draining of
condensate. Sample pipe piece can be cut & removed for
sectioning and assessment of internal corrosion.

All valves, other mountings and fittings - shall be checked for

leakage and proper functioning. All valves including breather
valves shall be serviced and reset at the required pressure and
 Certification

Welding procedures and welder certificates shall

be prepared according to ASME Sec.9.

Magnetic and Liquid penetrant testing shall be

applied according to ASME Sec 5. and evaluated
according to ASME Sec.8.
 Inspection of Storage Tanks During
Fabrication
Inspection of storage tanks during fabrication shall be carried
out as per the requirements of the applicable codes,
specifications, drawings etc (OISD-129)
1. Study of all the technical specifications.
2. Checking the foundation pad and slope.
3. Qualification of welding procedure and welding operator.
4. Checking of underside painting of the bottom plate prior to its
laying.
5. Checking of slope of the bottom plate.
6. Checking of each batch of electrodes as per specifications and
assurance of its use as per recommended method by the
manufacturer and codes.
7. Checking of proper welding sequence.
8. Evaluating radiography of butt-welded annular (radial) joints
and vacuum box test of the portion of weld on the bottom plate
on which shell is to be erected.
 Inspection of Storage Tanks During
Fabrication
9. Checking of fit-ups and noting of curvature and plumb
readings before and after welding of the shell courses.
10. Evaluating radiography of butt-welded joints as per the
applicable code.
11. A thorough visual check and oil penetrate test of the inside
shell to bottom weld seam before welding from outside.
12. Checking of nozzles/ man ways/ sumps for orientation, fit-
ups and welding.
13. Checking of set up of curb angle, roof trusses and roof
plates prior to welding.
14. Checking of set ups and reinforcement arrangement of
wind girders etc.
15. Checking of PWHT of clean out doors, shell and shell
nozzles, where applicable. After PWHT & before hydro
testing, all such weld joints shall be inspected visually and
tested using MT or PT.
16. Checking of Nozzle pad for pneumatic test.
17. Checking of external & internal surfaces .
 Vacuum Box Testing of Floor Plate Weld
Seam

Welds of bottom shall be checked with vacuum box with air pressure between 20kPa and 70 kPa.

Vacuum testing is performed using a testing box approximately 150 mm (6 in.) wide by 750 mm
(30 in.) longwith a clear window in the top, which provides proper visibility to view the area
under examination .
 Dye Penetrant Testing of Shell nozzle

Completed weld attaching nozzle to weld or pad to shell and

nozzle neck shall be to examined by a Magnetic Particle Testing
or Dye Penetration Test . Consideration should be given for
extra NDE on hot taps (12.1.2.3)
Pressure Testing Pontoons
Following Repairs
 Hydrostatic Testing (12.3)
A full hydrostatic test , held for 24 hrs. is required on
(12.3.1):
A reconstructed tank
Any tank that has major repair or alternation (operation that
require cutting, addition, removal and /or replacement of annular plate
ring, shell to bottom weld or a sizable shell segment) 12.3.1.2.
General:
Aim of hydro test is checking welds against leaking as well
settlement control.
Roof plates shall be tested by vacuum box or bubble test. If
bubble test is used, before draining water after hydro test
volume above water level shall pressurized with air not
exceeding weight of roof plates.
 Other Tests

Cone penetration test shall be carried out at sample

plate cut locations by executing department
Heating Coils shall be hydraulically tested at 1.5
times operating pressure and checked for any leaks.
Oil penetrate test of pontoon rims to bottom deck
plate joint.
Pontoon air test/water test

Fire Fighting System : Frequency and procedure for

checking shall be as per OISD-STD-142 (Inspection of
Fire Fighting Equipment)
 Reporting &
Record Keeping
 Inspection check list

Inspection Checklist:
Annex C of API-653 contains two comprehensive
sample checklists covering the internal and external
inspection of tanks:

In-service tanks
Out-of-service tanks

The checklists can aid the tank owner/operator in

developing a tank inspection assessment schedule,
and can facilitate the recording of findings from the
inspection.
 Links
Annexure 2 ATR recommendations related to tan
ks.docx
Annexure 3 External Inspection Checklist.doc
Annexure 4 Internal Inspection Checklist.doc
Annexure 1 Failure Modes in tanks, its effects
and consequences.docx
ATR 403 - Tnk Repr.docx
 Offsite Piping Classification
MS /Naphtha lines
LPG/LNG lines
Hydrogen lines
Fuel gas lines
Flare lines
Offsite piping
Tank farm piping
Pipelines under Culvert
 Inspection of Piping
There are three types of inspection of piping:

Inspection during site fabrication/ erection

Inspection during precommisioning

Inspection Post commissioning

TYPES OF INSPECTIONS

a) External On Stream Inspection: Visual and instrument-aided (ultrasonic,

radiographic, thermo graphic

b) Comprehensive Inspection: External on-stream + pipeline specific

inspection (based on damage mechanism, on-stream availability etc)
 Codes & Standards
API 570 : Piping Inspection Code In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair,
and Alteration of Piping Systems
This standard covers inspection, rating, repair, and alteration procedures for
metallic and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping systems and their
associated pressure relieving devices that have been placed in-service.
ASME B31.3 : Process Piping
This Code prescribes requirements for materials and components, design,
fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping
API 571 : Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the
Refining Industry

API 577: Welding inspection and metallurgy

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION CEMP -I , CEMP -II , SPF

In Addition:
OISD 130
Refinery Operating System (ROS-44 (Inspection and testing of
pipelines and , ROS-60 Guide lines for prevention of external of
pipelines )
 Types of pipes
Electric Resistance Welded Pipes
Electric Fusion Welded Pipes
Double Submerged Arc Welding Pipes
Spiral Welded Pipes
Seamless Pipes
 Frequency of inspection
The frequency and extent of inspection of piping system shall depend upon
the form of degradation that can affect the piping performance and
consequence of piping failures

The piping system shall be categorized into 3 classes based on the severity of
consequences of failure.

CLASS I
CLASS II
CLASS III
In case, high corrosion rates are observed and half the remaining life is less than the

above mentioned scheduled intervals, then the comprehensive inspection interval

shall be suitably reduced to ensure that maximum inspection interval shall not be

more than half the remaining life.

Example: 1. Total thickness allowance available is 3 mm.

2. Corrosion rate is 0.2 mm per year

3. Remaining life = 3/0.2= 15 years

4. Half remaining life = 7.5 years

5. Hence comprehensive inspection interval shall not exceed 7.5 years

 EXTERNAL ON-STREAM INSPECTION:

Visual Inspection:

Leaks (pipe connections, the packing glands of valves and expansion joints )

Alignment (Pipe dislodged from its support) ,

Supports (Movement or deterioration of concrete footings ),

Vibration ( check the weld joint for cracks) ,

External Corrosion ( ROS-60) ,

Bulging, Bowing and Sagging, Mechanical Damage from External Forces, Paint and Protective
Coating, Cracks, Insulation, Concrete Lining
 EXTERNAL ON-STREAM INSPECTION:

Ultrasonic Thickness Survey:

Aboveground pipelines:

One reading shall be at the centre of the bend and two readings on the same line on
either side of this reading.
Minimum one ultrasonic scan each on the straight pipes on upstream and
downstream of the bend adjacent to welds of the bend to pipe
One ultrasonic scan on the entire circumference (four readings) upstream and
downstream of the weld joint for process pipelines
Minimum one ultrasonic scan (four readings) each on reducer/ expander and just
downstream on the pipe
 EXTERNAL ON-STREAM INSPECTION:

One ultrasonic scan on the pipe downstream of valves orifices, etc

One ultrasonic scan minimum on horizontal pipe for every three meters length at
lower elevations where possibilities of collection and stagnation of carryover water, or
acid condensation or SO2 flow exist
Branch connection, dead ends, etc, shall be checked by ultrasonic thickness survey
for corrosion and erosion
Necessary work permit shall be taken as per OISD-STD-105 while carrying out
thickness survey
The details of thickness survey shall be maintained on an isometric sketch.
 EXTERNAL ON-STREAM INSPECTION:

Long range ultrasonic guided wave technology should be deployed to assess metal
loss in inaccessible location not covered under conventional ultra sonic thickness
measurement.

Radiographic Inspection: Critical spots, which cannot be inspected by ultrasonic

instruments accurately, shall be radiographed during operation to determine wall
thickness as well as internal conditions like fouling, scaling, etc.
 Comprehensive Inspection

Comprehensive inspection of pipelines shall include external inspections as covered

in external on-stream inspection and

Inspection for Corrosion, Erosion and Fouling

Inspection for Cracks

Inspection of Gasket Faces of Flanges

Inspection of Hot Spots

Hammer Testing

Pressure Testing
 Pressure testing

Pressure testing of existing pipelines shall be carried out in the following conditions;

After any major alteration / re-rating / replacement

Inaccessible piping and complicated manifold

System after chemical cleaning

When the piping is out of service for more than six months

Austenitic stainless steel piping shall be hydro-tested using water with chloride
content less than 50 PPM
Stress due to testing shall not exceed 90% of the yield stress of the material of
construction of the piping.
 Pressure testing

All newly installed piping shall be pressure tested prior to commissioning.

Hammer testing of piping undergoing a pressure test shall not be carried out.

Hammer testing of valves, pipes and fittings of cast iron construction, chrome-steel,
austenitic SS lines and stress relieved lines shall not be carried out

Pressure test shall not be carried out at metal temperatures near the ductile-to-brittle tem

Hydrostatic test pressure = 1.5 times design pressure * temperature correction (B 31.3)
 Pneumatic test:

Pneumatic testing shall be considered only in the following cases:

Piping system which cannot safely be filled with liquid due to their design or supports

Piping system where traces of testing medium (liquid) is not permitted in the process
( example flare lines)

Individual Components 1.1 x Design Pressure of component

Systems 1.1 x Design Pressure of the weakest component in the system

INSPECTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PIPING :

Thermographic survey of internally lined hot piping helps in locating the hot spots.

Insulation shall be removed at specified locations including all bends and ultrasonic thickness
shall be carried out and the corrosion rate established.

Spring hangers and spring supports of high temperature piping shall also be checked during
shutdown.

INSPECTION OF UNDERGROUND PIPING :

For Inspection of underground piping, special care is required to be given due to significant
external deterioration caused by corrosive soil condition
These pipelines shall be inspected once in five years by using the suitable Coating Surveys such
as Pearson Survey, Current Attenuation Technique (CAT), Direct Voltage Gradient Survey
(DCVG) etc.
All these lines shall be visually inspected at random once in ten years by digging at a few
locations. After excavation, the coating and wrapping shall be examined both visually and by
holiday detector. Pipelines crossing the roads and dykes shall also be inspected once in ten
years by digging and exposing the line completely.

.
 INSPECTIONS IN SPECIFIC AREAS FOR CORROSION AND
CRACKING

Injection Points:

Injection points are sometimes subject to accelerated or localized corrosion from

normal or abnormal operating conditions
When designating an injection point circuit for the purposes of inspection, the
recommended upstream limit of the injection point circuit is a minimum of 12 inches
(300mm) or three pipe diameters upstream of the injection point, whichever is greater.
The recommended downstream limit of the injection point circuit is the second
change in flow direction past the injection point, or 25 feet (7.6 m) beyond the first
change in flow direction, whichever is less

Deadlegs:

The corrosion rate in dead legs can vary significantly from adjacent active piping. The
wall thickness should be monitored on selected dead legs, including both the
stagnant end and at the connection to an active line.
Corrosion under insulation (CUI)
The most common forms of CUI are localized corrosion of carbon steel and chloride
stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels. ( Temp -4 degree up to 120
degree)

Soil to Air Interface

Soil-to-air interfaces for buried piping without adequate cathodic protection shall be
included in scheduled external piping inspections

If the buried piping is uncoated at grade, consideration should be given to excavating

6 inches to 12 inches (150mm to 300mm) deep to assess the potential for hidden
damage
Small Bore Piping
Piping less than or equal to NPS 2 is considered as small bore piping. The vents,
drains in the main piping system, auxiliary instruments and machinery connections
and threaded connections and dead legs fall in the category of SBP
 REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS

The thickness reduction, damages etc. shall be ascertained to determine adequacy

for continued service in line with the design standards. In case pipeline sections fail to
qualify the minimum requirements, affected sections of the pipeline shall be replaced
or repaired in line with the design code.

Painting, insulation, wrapping and coating shall be done as per the design code

All repair and alteration work shall be authorized and approved

 Likely area of metal deterioration

External
Above piping ground is subject to atmospheric corrosion
Pipelines touching the ground are subject to corrosion due to dampness of the soil
Crevice corrosion may take place at the pipe supports or sleepers where pipes are resting on
them.
Deterioration takes place at the pipe support locations where relative movement between pipe
and pipe supports takes place.
Buried pipelines are subject to soil corrosion
Impingement attack may take place on pipelines in the vicinity of leaky pipes and steam traps.
Insulated lines where weather shielding is damaged are subject to external corrosion
Externally concrete-lined pipelines are subject to localised corrosion due to cracks in the
concrete.
Piping entering into or emerging from the underground may experience severe corrosion due to
coating damage
Piping corrodes at locations of water accumulation and acid vapour condensation such as in the
vicinity of fire hydrants sulphur recovery plants, cooling towers, jetty, etc
 Likely area of metal deterioration

Internal
Usually a greater loss of metal wastage is observed near a restriction in the line or a
change in line direction because of the effects of turbulence or velocity. Therefore, it
is required to inspect pipe bends, elbows, and tees and also at restrictions such as
orifice flanges and throttling valves, and areas just down stream of the restriction.
Repairs by Welding:

Temporary repairs:

Temporary repairs, including on stream or off stream, a full encircle split sleeve or box
type enclosure designed to take care of internal pressure can be considered over
damaged or corroded area. Area with longitudinal cracks shall not be repaired by
encircle sleeve.

If repair area is small and localized, temporary repair may be carried out using
properly designed split coupling or fillet plate patch. The material of repair will match
with base metal.

Areas with minor leaks shall be attended by welding of properly designed enclosures

Temporary repairs shall be removed and replaced with permanent repairs at the next
available maintenance opportunity. Temporary repairs may remain in place for a
longer period of time only if approved and documented
Permanent repairs:

All repairs and alteration welding shall be done in accordance to the code to which
the piping system has been built ( ASME B31.3)

Corroded areas may be restored with weld deposits. However, Surface irregularities
and contaminations shall be removed before welding.

Insert plates may be used to repair the damaged or corroded areas provided
following are met
(i) Full penetration groove welds
(ii) 100% radiography of joints for hydrocarbon/ critical service
 During out of service repair, the defective area shall be removed by cutting the
cylindrical sections and replacing it with piping component which meet the code
requirement.

Wherever excessive corrosion/ erosion is observed at support locations,

consideration may be given to attaching a pipe pad at support locations for enhancing
life of pipeline

Non Welding Repairs:

Clamping: Bolted clamps: The effect of clamping (crushing) forces on the component
shall be considered.
Composite Sleeves: Composite sleeves shall not be used to repair leaks, metal loss
with a depth greater than 80% of the nominal wall thickness, cracks, or
circumferentially oriented defects.
INSPECTION DURING REPAIRS/REPLACEMENTS:

The metallurgy and dimensions of the new pipe shall match with those of the existing
pipe.

b) Repairs shall be carried out by a qualified welder using approved welding

procedures.

c) For longitudinally welded pipes, the weld seam shall be kept staggered and the
longitudinal seam shall be kept in the upper quadrants.

d) Piping systems repair work shall comply with applicable statutory requirements.

e) Repaired welds shall be subject to same pre and post-weld heat treatments as
required in the case of new pipes
 DOCUMENTATION:

Identification of particular piping systems in terms of location, class, total length,

material specification, general process flow and service condition and location of
corrosion probes, if any.

Location of thickness measurement points, replacement carried out, corrosion rate,

etc

All testing and inspection records shall be maintained

On the basis of records of previous and present inspection, a work schedule shall be
prepared for future on stream as well as comprehensive inspections
 Links
001 fitup record format rev 4.doc
045 REQUEST FOR WELDER QUALIFICA
TION TEST.doc
047 Format for Deviation.doc
Thank you