EXPERIMENTAL AND

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF
COMPOSITE WING BY
FABRICATION OF EPOXY-GLASS
FIBRE
SYNOPSIS
Glass fibre reinforced polymer
(GFRP) composites are replacing
metals as a better choice in
place of engineering materials
for various applications.

There is a need to turn to

analytical and numerical
approaches to fully understand
the machining process.
AIM
This project aims to make
experimental
investigation on various
conditions of GFRP and
also to optimize process
parameters through
ANSYS software to show
the better and improved
property.
 WHAT IS COMPOSITE?

Multiphase material with

chemically dissimilar phases
separated by a distinct inter-
phase.
They are inherently
anisotropic in macro scale
due to the multiphase and it
is possible to design the
material with controlled
TYPES OF COMPOSITES
1. PARTICULATE COMPOSITES
Resins are well mixed with desired
particles in form of powder.
Molded under certain conditions
to acquire the perfect shape.
The grain particles bond together
with the help of resins and are strong
enough.
 2. LAMINATED
COMPOSITES
Made by bonding two or more
lamina together.
Lamina are usually made of
parallel fibres set in a polymer
matrix at some constant volume
fraction.
The laminate is assembled with
the individual lamina at different
fibre orientations
 3. FIBRE REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
Fibers are in the form of
threads.
Dispersed over the resin
substance.
They are not arranged in
manner.
Fibers are non-uniform in
directions.
MOLDING METHODS

1. Hand lay molding

2. Spray molding
3. Vacuum bag
molding
4. Pressure bag
molding
5. Autoclave molding
6. Resin transfer
molding
 EPOXY GLASS FIBRE
- Molded using hand layout.
- Each laminas are angle
oriented.
- They are joint together using
resin.
 MAJOR DRIVERS
-Weight saving through increased
specific strength or stiffness.
- Durability, the resistance to cyclic
stress.
- Retention of high levels of residual
strength in presence of typical damage.
Weight Reduction
1. Increased range
2. Reduced fuel cost
3. Higher pay load
4. Increased maneuverability

Reduced Acquisition Cost

1. Reduced fabrication cost
2. Improved fly-to-buy ratio
3. Reduced assembly costs

Improved Performance
1. Smoother, more aerodynamic
form
2. Special aero Elastic properties
3. Increased temperature capability
4. Improved damage tolerance
5. Reduced detestability

Reduced Through-Life Support Cost

1. Resistance to fatigue and corrosion
2. Resistance to mechanical damage
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF FRP
COMPOSITES
1. Hardness
2. Specific gravity
3. Thermal
performance
4. Chemical
properties
5. Electrical
properties
6. Fire resistance
7. Optical properties
8. Weathering
 APPLICATION OF FRP COMPOSITES
ConstructionBathtubs, shower stalls
and floors, hot tubs, spas, vanities and sinks,
pipes, building panels, portable buildings,
swimming pools, floor grating, doors,
satellite dishes
MarineSki boats, fishing boats, sail
boats, yachts, personal water craft, canoes,
kayaks, docks.
CorrosionTanks, processing vessels,
pipes, fans, pollution control equipment,
scrubbers.
TransportationAutomobile body panels
and structural components, truck hoods and
caps, trailer sidewalls, RV sidewalls, train
seating.
ConsumerSporting goods, hobby
castings, decorative art, insulating boards.
TESTING OF SPECIMEN
 Radiography test
Density differences were noticed
on the exposed photographic film.
Imperfections occurring in patches
were not widely seen, generally
accompany hand layup process.
Delaminations as dark lines was
not seen in the specimens.
Panels were free of any
delamination.
Tensile test
To measure the yield strength and
ultimate
strength.
Stress below which the
deformation is
entirely elastic is known as yield
point.
Specimen used for testing is
185*50*2mm.
Specimen is loaded at two ends
using hook
COMPARISION OF TENSILE
TEST
Yield Strength
S.No Composition
in Mpa

1 GFRP 52

GFRP(60%Fiber40
2 54.4
%Resin)

Panel Type Tensile Youngs

Strength modulus

kN/mm2 kN/mm2
Epoxy Glass 228 18.312
Hardness test
Specific load is applied to
measure the depth of the
resulting impression.
Size of the specimen is
95*90 mm.
Number of trials is 10.
Hardness of the specimen
is 48 HRB.
Comparison of Hardness Number
For 7 layer fibre:
S.N Hardness
Composition
o Number

1 GFRP 45

GFRP(60%Fiber40%
2 48
Resin)

For 5 layer fibre:

Panels Hardness Value (BAIU)

Glass 37.625
Buckling test
The loads can be divided into
ground loads and air loads.
Ground load encountered by
taxing, landing loads, towing and
hoisting loads.
Air loads comprises of loads
imposed on the wing during flight
maneuvers and gusts.
Applied load = load x safety
factor
= 8000 N x 1.5 =
12000 N.
ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF THE
MATERIAL
E-Glass Prepreg for the cured lamina
Youngs Youngs Shear Modulus, Poissons Ratio, thickness of the
Modulus in Modulus in G12 11 ply, t
fiber direction, transverse
E11 direction, E22

132 Gpa 11 Gpa 5.5Gpa .33 .15mm

ANALYSIS/SOLUTION/DESCRIPTI
ON Structural strength as function of ply orientation
0 Plies give column stability and carry tension and compression.

90 Plies carry transverse loads and reduce poisons effect and help stability
better than 0 in long narrow panels.

45 Plies give buckling stability and carry shear.

TEST ANALYSIS
Creation of shell selection
Stacking sequence of laminates
Element mesh
1.Deformed and undeformed edge
Y-component stress
Von misses stress
X-component stress
 COMPARISION OF PROPERTIES
WITH OTHER COMPOSITES
PROPERTY GRAPHITE UNIDIRECTIO GLASS
FIBRE NAL FIBRE EPOXY
WOVEN
FIBRE
Elastic Modulus 10-15 40-80 60-90
(GPa)
Tensile Strength 40-60 200-350 500-2000
(MPa)
Compressive 110-200 150-200 200-500
Strength (MPa)
Hardness (HRB) 30-35 30-35 35-40
Corrosion Very Low Poor Better than
Resistance Unidirection
al Fibre
PREDICTION OF THRUST FORCE AND
TORQUE

Work piece material consist of glass

fibres with polyester resin
Material thickness is 7.5mm with five
layers.
Material is coated with wax.
The drill bits used for the investigations
are HSS drill having diameter 6 mm, 8 mm
and 10 mm.
Three levels of speeds are 700rpm,
1170rpm, and 1900rpm.
Three levels of feeds are 10mm/min,
20mm/min and 35mm/min.
 Thrust force and torque
S.No Drill diameter Speed Feed Thrust force Torque
(mm) (rpm) (mm/min) (kg) (kgm)
1 6 700 10 8.5 6

2 6 1170 20 9.4 5.7

3 6 1900 35 10.2 6.2

4 8 700 10 11.5 7.2

5 8 1170 20 12.2 7.5

6 8 1900 35 14 7.8

7 10 700 10 16.5 8.2

8 10 1170 20 17.2 8.3

9 10 1900 35 19 8.7
ANALYSES OF 6MM DRILL DIAMETER
Input force = 0.866 N;
Input moment = 0.611 Nm
ANALYSES OF 8MM DRILL DIAMETER
Input force = 1.240 N;
Input moment = 0.764 Nm
ANALYSES OF 10MM DRILL DIAMETER
Input force = 1.93 N;
Input moment = 0.88 Nm
conclusion
Comparing with graphite fibre and
unidirectional fibre we have attained a better
value in all the material properties for epoxy
glass fibre.
So our woven epoxy glass fibre is a well
suitable component to be used in wings,
fuselage, landing gears, seats, fuel tanks,
helicopter blades and launch tubes.
The use of E-Glass as the reinforcement
material in polymer matrix composites is
extremely common.
Optimal strength properties are gained when
straight, continuous fibres are aligned parallel in
a single direction.
To promote strength in other directions,
laminate structures can be constructed with
REFERENCES
Drilling of Fiber-Reinforced Plastics - Tool Modeling and Defect
Prediction, by Athulan Vijayaraghavan January 23, 2006.
Modeling and Analysis of Thrust Force and Torque in Drilling GFRP
Composites by Multi-Facet Drill Using Fuzzy Logic, by R. Vimal
Sam Singh, B.Latha, and V.S.Senthilkumar, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna
University Chennai, Chennai, India.
A.M.Abrao, P.E.Faria, J.C.Campos Rubio, and J.Paulo
Davim,Drilling of fiber reinforced plastics: a Review,Journal of
Materials Processing Technology Vol. 186, pp.1-7, 2007.
K.Palanikumar, L.Karunamoorthy, R.Karthikeyan, and B.Latha,
Optimization of machining parameters in turning GFRP composites
using a carbide (k10) tool based on the Taguchi method with fuzzy
logics, Metals and Materials International, pp.483-491,2006.