SURV

HINDU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

URBAN & REGIONAL

PLANNING
SEMESTER 8TH
EYS
Submitted by :
Arpan
Vinayak
13025006002
13025006040
Contents
Necessity

Collection of data

Types of Survey Regional Survey and Town Survey

Methods Adopted to Collect Data

Surveying Techniques

Selection of Samples

Types of Samples & Errors in Surveying

 Survey

General General

Necessity

Carried out by looking for informations already Collection of data

recorded by investigators and authorities and
by original field works on the spot Types of Survey

Methods Adopted to
The chief subjects of surveys are as follows : collect data

The people, their interests and occupations and Surveying

how they follow them; and Techniques

The land and buildings and how they serve Selection of Samples
there interests
Types of Samples &
Errors

Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala

 Survey

Necessity General

Necessity
The two main advantages of a fully documented
survey as follows : Collection of data

1.The survey helps to find the relationship Types of Survey

between complicated activities of a town life.
Methods Adopted to
2.It helps to give solution towards the local collect data
requirements.
Surveying
The role played by survey in the science of town planning is as follows :
Techniques
1. To evaluate the effects of development
2. To present detailed reasoned reports;
3. To study the situation objectively and factually Selection of Samples

Types of Samples &

Errors

Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala

 Survey

Collection of data General

Necessity

The following four surveys are carried out to collect Collection of data
data
Types of Survey
I.Functional survey
Methods Adopted to
II.Social survey collect data
III.Territorial survey Surveying
IV.Vital survey Techniques

Selection of Samples

Types of Samples &

Errors

Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala

 Survey

Functional survey General

Necessity
The functional aspects of town life are studied.
The items included are Collection of data
means of communication
conditions of industry Types of Survey

Methods Adopted to
Types of information collected in functional survey collect data
1.Roads- History, Road width, Traffic survey
and tree planting. Surveying
Techniques
2.Railways- positions of level crossing,
passenger stations and goods sheds. Selection of Samples
3. Air ports and sea ports
4. Waterways and canals Types of Samples &
Errors
5.Local industries- availability of raw
materials and type of labour employed.
6. Mines and their location
7.Probable cost of the scheme.
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
 Survey
Social survey General

Necessity

Social aspects of the Town- history, Collection of data

architecture, health, housing
Types of Survey

Methods Adopted to
Types of information collected : collect data
1.Ancient ruins of historical building
Surveying
2.Architectural character Techniques
3.History of growth
Selection of Samples
4.Preservation of wild life
Types of Samples &
5.Parks and play grounds
Errors
6.Public services- water supply,
sewerage, electricity, telephones, street
lighting.
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
 Survey
Territorial survey General

Physical features, agricultural soil, forests, Necessity

climatic conditions are studied Collection of data

1.Geology
Types of Survey
2.Contours of land
Methods Adopted to
3.Rivers, oceans and lakes collect data
4.Climatic conditions Surveying
5.Forest and other natural vegetation Techniques

Selection of Samples

Types of Samples &

The population aspects. Errors

1.History of the past growth of population

Vital survey
2.Density of population
Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala
 Survey
Types of survey General

Necessity
Regional Town surveys
Collection of data
done over a region dealing with done at much small scale and
PHYSICAL FACTORS like apart from the above data Types of Survey
collected from the regional
topography, land, geology, surveys it also includes
landscape etc. Methods Adopted to
LANDUSE SURVEYS collect data
PHYSICAL ECONOMIC
DENSITY SURVEYS
FACTORS like agricultural value
SURVEYS FOR THE AGE Surveying
of the land, mineral resources
AND CONDITION OF THE Techniques
and water gathering lands, areas
with public services, BUILDINGS
Selection of Samples
transportation linkages etc. TRAFFIC SURVEYS
SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS OTHER SOCIAL Types of Samples &
like areas of influence of towns SURVEYS
Errors
and villages, employment,
population changes etc

Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay

 Survey
Methods Adopted to collect data
General
1. House to house investigation conducted to collect information in
Necessity
questionnaire form specially prepared for this purpose. The
questionnaire may also inserted in a local newspaper or
Collection of data
journal of any organization or it may be sent out to interested
parties and returned by post.
Types of Survey
2. The interviews may be arranged with individuals or organizations
having special knowledge in specific fields. The most frequent Methods Adopted to
form of conducting an interview is by personal contact. collect data
3. The specialists may be employed in some cases to supply the
information on topics relating to their work. Surveying
4. The records and reports maintained by the government Techniques
offices, police department, municipal offices, revenue
department etc, can be studied and analysed. Selection of Samples
5. Reconnaissance and spot-inspection may be conducted by the
Types of Samples &
town planner himself and his staff. The observation can be carried
Errors
out for many subjects such as physical potential of land for
building purposes, generation of traffic, etc.

Source :- Town Planning by Rangwala

 Survey
Surveying Techniques General
SELF SURVEYS - mailing questionnaires to the persons to be
surveyed Necessity

INTERVIEWS - by asking questions to the people to be surveyed Collection of data

DIRECT INSPECTION - when the surveyor himself inspects the
situations concerned Types of Survey
OBSERVERS PARTICIPATION - when the observer himself
Methods Adopted to
participate in acquiring the data required
collect data

Scales For Structuring Questionnaires Surveying

Techniques
NOMINAL where there is no ordering, like asking of sex, age,
employment in any particular service etc. Selection of Samples

ORDINAL where there is a specific order of choices like asking Types of Samples &
of priorities, housing conditions, climate etc. Errors
INTERVAL where an interval of time is given importance like
time taken to shift from LIG housing to MIG housing, time
interval to change from two wheelers to four wheelers etc. this
provides an yardstick of measurements

Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay

 Survey
Selection of Samples General
For conducting surveys, it is not always possible to ask each and
every person about his or her opinion. Hence, certain numbers of Necessity
persons are selected for conducting the surveys and the selected
persons are known as samples of surveying. The selection of the Collection of data
number of samples is of utmost importance. The basic rules for
selection of sample size are as follows: Types of Survey

Methods Adopted to
More disastrous the results of poor information, larger
sample size is required. collect data

The more varied the expected responses, larger sample Surveying

size is required Techniques
Larger the total population, smaller the percentage of the
population are required to be surveyed. Selection of Samples

Sample Size number of persons selected for conducting Types of Samples &
the survey Errors

Sample persons that are included in the survey

Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay

 Survey
TYPES OF SAMPLES
General
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING - selecting samples at random
without any criteria to select the samples. Necessity

SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING -selection of the Kth element along a Collection of data

particular street, where k can be any number.
Types of Survey
STRATIFIED SAMPLING - making of a homogenous listing of the
different sects of the population and collecting a certain percentage Methods Adopted to
at random from each sect collect data

CLUSTERED SAMPLING - when samples are selected from Surveying

clusters and not from a homogeneous listing Techniques

Selection of Samples
ERRORS IN SURVEYING
Types of Samples &
Getting biased, having errors in measurements, not getting any
Errors
direct answer are the major errors done in surveys. Thus
questionnaires should be framed in such a way so that all the
answers received are properly checked. Pilot surveys should also
be conducted to check forgery and bias.
Source :- Textbook of Town Planning by Abir Bandyopadhyay
THANK
YOU