Solar Operated

Desert Cooler
Introduction
The main scope of project is, the photovoltaic cells are
converting the sunlight in to electricity a charge
controller is used.

PV cells are bundled together in modules or panels to

produce higher voltages and increased power.

As the sunlight varies in intensity the electricity so

generated
usually charges through the charge a set of batteries for
storing the energy.
We operate a desert cooler using cooler inverter with solar
panel arranagement.
PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Wiring Diagram
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

BATTERY

PWM Inverter

MOSFET

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS/SOLAR CELLS

RESISTOR

CAPACITOR
 BATTERY
An electrical battery is a combination
of one or more electrochemical cells, used
to convert stored chemical energy into
electrical energy.
The battery has become a common
power source for many household,

robotics and industrial applications.

Larger batteries provide standby
power for telephone exchanges or
computer data centers
Battery capacity and discharging
PWM Inverter IC
The PWM Inverter is used to develop the PWM
pulses based on a fixed frequency using common
oscillator
The IC SG3524 operates at a fixed frequency, the oscillation
frequency is determined by one timing resistor RT and one
timing capacitor CT.
The SG3524 contains an inbuilt 5V regulator that supplies as a
reference voltage, also providing the SG3524 internal
regulator control circuitry.
Comparator provides a linear control of the output pulse width
(duration) by the error amplifier.
The resultant PWM pulse from the comparator is passed to the
corresponding output pass transistor (Q1, Q2 refer block
diagram) using the pulse steering flip flop, which is
synchronously toggled by the oscillator output.
Inverter IC Block Diagram
 MOSFET(IRF 510)
The metaloxidesemiconductor field-effect
transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS
FET) is a device used for amplifying or
switching electronic signals
The basic principle of the device a voltage on
the oxide-insulated gate electrode can induce a
conducting channel between the two other
contacts called source and drain
It is by far the most common transistor in
both digital and analog circuits, though the
bipolar junction transistor was at one time
much more common.
 BC547 (NPN Transistor)

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial

Silicon Transistor.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.

The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of

the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, ().
The current gain from the emitter to the collector
terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (), and is a function of the
transistor itself
 1N4148
The 1N4148 is a standard small signal silicon
diode used in signal processing.
The 1N4148 is generally available in a DO-35
glass package and is very useful at high frequencies
with a reverse recovery time of no more than 4ns.
This permits rectification and detection of
radio frequency signals very effectively, as long as
their amplitude is above the forward conduction
threshold of silicon (around 0.7V) or the diode is
biased.
 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Photovoltaic (PV) cells are made of special materials called

semiconductors such as silicon, which is currently the most commonly
used.
Basically, when light strikes the cell, a certain portion of it is
absorbed within the semiconductor material.
PV cells also all have one or more electric fields that act to force
electrons freed by light absorption to flow in a certain direction.
This flow of electrons is a current, and by placing metal contacts on
the top and bottom of the PV cell, we can draw that current off to use
externally.
 SOLAR PANEL
Expose the cell to light, and the energy
from each photon (light particle) hitting
the silicon, will liberate an electron and a
corresponding hole.
If this happens within range of the
electric fields influence, the electrons will
be sent to the N side and the holes to the P
one, resulting in yet further disruption of
electrical neutrality
This flow of electrons is a current; the
electrical field in the cell causes a voltage
and the product of these two is power
 Desert Cooler

The sensible heat of hot air is

carried out by the water in form of
latent heat. When air is brought in
contact with water the basic
components required are fan water
pump pads etc through which air
and water move in cross flow
direction each other.
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