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Presente
rsHassan Bin
Nasir
Syed Altaf
Hussain
Presented
to
Dr:
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MFaizan
Gait And Gait Cycle

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 Objectives
Definition Of Gait?
What is The gait Cycle?
Parameter Of Gait Cycle?
Gait Patterns with Walking Aids ?

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 Gait
Normal Gait
Series of rhythmical , alternating
movements of the trunk & limbs
which result in the forward
progression of the center of gravity

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 Gait is style , manner or a
pattern of walking.
Walking pattern may differ
from
individual to individual

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 Gait Cycle

Defined as the period of time

from one heel strike to the
next heel strike of the
same limb

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 Gait
Cycle
The gait cycle consists of two
phases
1) STANCE PHASE
2) SWING PHASE

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 Gait is style , manner or a pattern of walking
Walking pattern may differ from individual to
individual

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 STANCE PHASE

Begins when the heel of one leg

strikes the ground and ends when the
toe of the same leg lifts off.
Constitutes approximately 60% of
the gait cycle.

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 SWING PHASE

Swing phase represents the

period between a toe off on one
foot ad heel contact on the same
foot.
Constitutes approximately
40%
of the gait cycle.
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 GAIT
TERMINOLOGIES
Time and distances are two basic
parameters of motion.

1. Temporal (Time) variables

2. Distance (Spatial) variables

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TEMPORAL VARIABLES

1.Single limb support

time
2.Double support time
3.Cadence
4.Speed

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 Single Limb
Support Time
Amount of time that spent
during the period when only
one extremity is on the
supporting surface is a gait
cycle.

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Double Support Time
Amount of the time spent with
both feet on the ground during
one gait cycle.
The time of double support
may be increased in elder
patients and in those having
balance disorders
The time of double support
decreases when speed of
walking increases
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 Distance Variables

1. Stride length
2. Step length
3. Degree of toe
out

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 Stride
length

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 Step
length

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 Degree of toe
out the angle of foot
It represents
placement and may be found by
measuring the angle formed by
each foots line of progression
and a line intersecting the center
of heel and second toe.
The angle for men is about 7
degree.
the degree of toe out decreases
as the speed of walking increases
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Gait Patterns with Walking Aid

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 Swing-to Gait
In this gait both crutches are brought
forward together.

The trunk & lower extremities lean

forwards, weight is transferred to the
upper limbs & walking aids.
Both lower limbs are lifted & swung
forwards to the level of crutches

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 Swing-through
Gait
Both crutches are taken
forward, then both lower limb
are lifted & swung past the
crutches, so that the crutches
are left behind the point where
the feet land on the floor.

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 Conti.
.
This gait is most
commonly used by those
with no lower limb control
such as Spinal cord injury
patients.
Unsuitable for those
with painful lower limbs.

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 Ipsilateral Two-point
Gait
with One Stick
Stick in the ipsilateral
hand is move forward,
together with the affected
leg.

Followed by the non-

affected leg.

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 Contra-lateral Two-point
Gait
with One Stick
Contra lateral hand
and stick are moved,
together with the
affected leg.

The weight is shared

b/w the stick and
affected side as the
non-affected leg is
brought through.
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 Three Point
Gait
It requires two walking aids,
either crutches or sticks
followed by the affected leg
then unaffected leg.

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 Conti.
.
If a minimal weight-bearing gait is
required, e.g toe touching only,
then a three point gait must be
utilized where the walking aid makes
contact with the ground before the
affected leg touches the floor.

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 Four-points-
Gait
In this gait two walking aids are
used, one for each leg.

The right walking aid is put

forward, followed by the left leg,
then the left walking aid and
the right leg.

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 Conti.
.
It is only appropriate when both
legs are able to support part of the
body weight.
Subject who have only minor
stability problems my use two canes.
A Four-point gait is ideal for
balance & as a step to relearning a
normal reciprocal gait pattern.

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 FACTORS
AFFECTING GAIT
Age
Gender
Assistive devices
Disease states
Muscle weakness or
paralysis
Asymmetries of the lower
extremities
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