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Nutrition can be defined as
the process by which living
matter acquires
substances called
nutrients for growth, repair
and energy.
The science of human
nutrition is better defined
as being concerned with
understanding the effects
of food on the human body
in both health and disease.
A healthy life
depends on
a healthy start to
life
Nutrigenomics is an integrative science
combining biotechnology, molecular
medicine, and pharmacogenomics, which
is revolutionizing how nutrition and diet
are viewed.
Nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics)
is the study of the effects of nutrients
and other bioactive dietary compounds
on the expression of your genes
(whether or not your genes are turned
off or on and how much) and your risk
for certain diseases.
Nutrigenomics is establishing the
effects of ingested nutrients and other
food components on gene expression
and gene regulation, i.e., to study diet-
gene interaction in order to identify the
dietetic components having beneficial
or detrimental health effects.
Nutrigenetics on the other hand
identifies how the genetic makeup
of a particular individual co-
ordinates his or her response to
various dietary nutrients. It also
reveals why and how people
respond differently to the same
nutrient.
In the future, you may
receive a personalized
"nutrition prescription based
on both an understanding of
your nutrigenetics and
nutrigenomic test results.
A working definition:
it seeks to provide a genetic
understanding for how dietary
chemicals can affect the
balance between health and
disease by altering the
expression of an individuals
genetic makeup.
Effect Of Carbohydrate
on Gene Expression
Vitamin A.
Influences the growth of cells and
their differentiation into
specialized cells.
The most important nutrients
affecting DNA and genes:
B-Complex Vitamins.
Play diverse roles in DNA
synthesis, repair, and regulation.
Vitamin C.
Enables generic stem cells to
become specialized heart cells;
it is also needed in energy-
generating chemical reactions
and the formation of proteins.
Vitamin D.
Performs diverse
hormonelike functions
affecting bone density,
immunity, and cancer risk.
Vitamin E.
Protects DNA from
free-radical damage
and also helps
regulate some genes.
Chromium. Essential for the
bodys use of the hormone
insulin, which influences
genes involved in fat- and
muscle-cell production.
Selenium.
Needed for the
normal functioning
of the p53 cancer
suppressing gene.
Chromium. Essential for
the bodys use of the
hormone insulin, which
influences genes involved
in fat- and muscle-cell
production.
Zn is an essential trace
element with cofactor
functions in a large number
of proteins of intermediary
metabolism, hormone
secretion pathways and
immune defense
mechanism.
Zn is involved in regulation of
small intestinal, thymus and
hepatocytes gene expression.
MTF-I (Metal Responsive element
Factor- I) is a Zn dependent
transcriptional activator
regulates mettalothionin I and II
through MRE.
Zn depedent KLF4 transcription
factor is involved in protein
preparation of HT-29 cells.
The other protein have Zn in it
as constituents are ATP
synathase, cytochrome c, a,
NADP dehydrogenase I and II
regulated by Zn.
Ancient Genes,
Modern Diet
Genes are routinely
exposed to genetically
unfamiliar foods, and they
respon abnormally, such as
by triggering chronic
inflammatory reactions.
Ancient and modern diets
differ in many ways.
Vitamins and Minerals. With
the exception of sodium (in
salt), ancient humans
consumed two to six times
higher levels of most
vitamins and minerals.
Ancient peoples consumed about equal
amounts of omega-6 and omega-3 fats,
but today the ratio is about 30:1 in
favor of omega-6 fats. Both families of
fats influence gene activity and
provide biochemical building blocks
for the immune system.
The omega-6 fats, found in corn oil,
safflower oil, and other common
cooking oils, promote inflammation.
In contrast, the omega-3 fats, found
in fish and grass-fed livestock, are
antiinflammatory.
To make new DNA, which is necessary
for health, healing, and life itself, your
cells must have the energy to drive the
underlying biological construction
processes.
When large numbers of cells lack
this energy, the deficiency
negatively affects the production of
DNA and the function of genes in
different organs.
Increasing intake of mitochondrial
nutrients found in foods and
supplements can significantly
improve the efficiency of your
bioenergetics.
The crucial nutrients are
coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10),
alpha-lipoic acid, carnitine and
acetyl-L-carnitine, ribose,
creatine, and some of the
B vitamins.
The greatest concentrations of CoQ10 are
found in the most energy dependent and
metabolically active cells, including those
that form the skeletal muscle (in your
arms and legs), the heart, the brain, the
liver, and the immune system.
Statin Drugs Reduce
CoQ10 Levels
Fatigue, liver disease, and heart
failure are among the risks
associated with statin drugs.