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JOHN ADAMS, THOMAS

JEFFERSON, AND THE BARBARY


PIRATES: AN ILLUSTRATION OF
RELEVANT COSTS FOR DECISIO
MAKING
GROUP-12

SUDIP SARKER ID-11530013


MD. SHARIFUL ISLAM ID-11530019
GOLAM WASI CHOWDHURY ID-11632029
Introduction
Focuses on the Barbary Wars, and the First Barbary
War that transpired between the years 1801 and 1805.

The First Barbary War was fought between the North-


African Barbary State of Tripoli and the United States.

The war had considerable implications for the


development of American foreign policy and the ways
in which American values were put into practice after
the war was concluded.
Research method
Primary sources include a large collection of naval
documents from the time of the First Barbary War written
from 1785 until 1801

Works and Papers of Thomas Jefferson, two collections


of original letters that were written by Thomas Jefferson to
his different contacts in government and the military.

the Washington Papers have also been of help in finding


out why George Washingtons policy towards the Barbary
States differed to a large extent from Jeffersons approach.
Discussi
on
Barbary States

Barbary States, term used for the North African


states of Tripolitania, Tunisia, Algeria, and
Morocco.

Barbary Coast
The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or
Ottoman corsairs, were pirates and privateers who operated
from North Africa

This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, a term


derived from the name of its Berber inhabitants
War with the Barbary States
The First Barbary War was an undeclared
war waged by the United States against the
North African states of Morocco, Tripoli,
Algiers, and Tunis.

The principle cause of the war was that


those states harbored and supported the
actions of pirates against American shipping
vessels in the Mediterranean Sea.
PROTECTION MONEY
The Barbary States demanded annual tribute from
seafaring nations
By the 18th Century, most of the European powers
paid tribute routinely
After 1783, America was no longer under protection
from the pirates (through relationship to Britain)
In the late 18th century, the U.S. govt agreed to
pay tribute to each of the pirate states
THE GREAT DEBATE

Adams and Jefferson


disagreed about
how to handle the
Corsairs
Adams strongly
favored paying off
the pirates
Jefferson
vehemently
disagreed
ADAMS SAYS
WAR IS COSTLIER THAN PEACE
Potential Trade Revenue Loss
More than (500,000 ) per year

Option 1: Peace
Cost 200,000 to 500,000
As 10,000 to 30,000 annual interest considered @ 6%

Option 2: Prepare & Go for War


At least 500,000 even when no fight
200,000 to 500,000 additional if fight
JEFFERSON ARGUES
BUILDING FLEET IS MUST & NOT THAT
COSTLY
Splits costs of war
Fixed vs. Variable

Fleet Set Up cost 450,000


MUST be done anyway
Additional Cost 22,500 per year
As half the fleet kept in service
Only variable costs should be compared
Findings
What happened
after 1876

Jefferson Stuck to His Argument


Paying ransom
NOT a sustainable solution

Barbarian states
MUST feel the threat
Navy Gets Formed
With some delay in 1794 with 6 battle carriers

John Adams becomes PRESIDENT


of USA in 1797
Remains till 1801 and keeps on paying
the ransom every year
Jefferson Stops Ransom
Payment
Refuses Tripolis demand of an
immediate payment of $225,000
and an annual payment of $25,000

Initiates War with Pirates


Orders NAVY to move & initiates WAR
Alliance of Barbary states breaks
1st War ends in 1805
Ransom of 60,000 per sailor continues
2nd War held in 1815
No ransom thereafter!
IMPORTANCE The Barbary Wars prompted
the U.S. to build a navy
The wars united the
American armed forces
(people fought as marines
rather than Georgians and
New Yorkers)
Signaled the weakened
status of the Barbary States
Proved that America could
execute a war far from
home (first real test of
American military power)
Provided valuable military
training
Made the Americans
overconfident
in their
abilities--War of 1812

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