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Connective Nervous
Muscle
Epithelium is a tissue that covers other structures.
Therefore one side is always exposed to the
outside (which could still be inside the body).
You will see epithelial tissue covering the inside of
body cavities and organs. The outer or
superficial portion of your skin is an epithelial
tissue.
Epithelial tissue does not have a blood supply.
Therefore nutrients must enter the tissue by
diffusion.
Remember diffusion?
Epithelial tissue is also anchored to other
structures via a basement membrane.
Epithelial tissue
Basement membrane
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous cells are flat. From the side they look
something like a fried egg.
Cuboidal epithelium cells are shaped like their name implies.
Like little cubes.
Cuboidal epithelium
Columnar epithelium cells are rectangular in shape.
Columnar epithelium
Remember, epithelium is also categorized
according to number of layers.
A single layer of epithelium is called simple.
Cilia
There are some special cases of epithelium. Well
take a look at these now.
The first special case is called pseudostratified
columnar epithelium.
It is called pseudostratified because it looks like its
stratified (more than one layer) but its not.
It looks stratified because the nuclei of the cells are
at various levels. But in reality there is only one
layer.
This is an example of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Note
that the nuclei are at different levels.
Nuclei dont line up Nuclei all line up nicely in one row
pseudostratified. simple.
Reticular
Thin collagenous fibers that
form a supporting network.
There is also a special category of connective
tissue that contains:
Blood
Cartilage
Bone
The general categories of connective tissue are:
Loose Dense
Reticular
Adipose
Elastic
Here is a picture of loose connective tissue. This is also in the skin
located deep to the epidermis.
Loose connective tissue (aka areolar tissue) is not very well
organized. It contains fibroblasts, matrix, and some fibers
scattered about.
Loose connective tissue is found in the dermis and subcutaneous
layers of the skin as well as surrounding muscles. Sometimes it is
called fascia.
Adipose connective tissue consists of cells
containing lipid (fat) called adipocytes. The lipid
is used to store energy to be used by the body if
needed.
Adipose tissue is also found around some organs
and joints. It forms a cushion for shock
absorption.
Adipose tissue also insulates the body.
Lipid
Nucleus of adipocyte
Here is a close up of adipose tissue. You can see the large lipid
containing adipocytes.
Adipocytes
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Chondrocyte
Lacunae
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal muscle is striated. The striations are caused by the density of
overlapping protein filaments called actin and myosin.
Intercalated disk
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index.asp?objID=AP1402
Review the following tables in your text:
5.4 p 156
5.6 p 162
5.7 p 175
This concludes the unit on tissues. Feel free to
review this presentation as often as needed.