Development In Wireless Power

Transfer
GROUP MEMBERS:
AISH MUSTAFA 13-ELE-38
SHABAN MUSHTAQ 13-ELE-32
HAMZA ASIF 13-ELE-46
NASIR ALI 13-ELE-74
Contents:

History
Methods of WPT
Comparison Table
Megnatic resonant inductive coupling
What is wireless power transfer(WPT)

The transmission of energy from one place to another

without using of wires.
Conventional energy is transfer by using wires.
This process involves a phenomenon known as
electromagnetic induction. Other methods, particularly
radio-frequency (RF) microwaves and laser beams,
have also been used.
Why WPT?

Reliable
Efficient
Fast
Low maintenance cost
Can be used for long and short ranges
History:

Nicola Tesla in late 1890s

Pioneer of induction techniques
His vision for world wireless system
The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast energy
All people can have access to free energy
Due to shortage of fund , tower could not operate
History(contd..)

Teslawas able to transfer the energy from one coil to

another coil
He manage to light up the 200 lamps from the distance
of 40 Km
The idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100 years
by a team led by Marin Soljacic from
MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology).The
project is name as Witricity
Methods Of WPT:

There are four basic Methods used for WPT

Inductive coupling
Magnetic resonant inductive coupling
Microwaves
Laser beam
Inductive coupling:

Primary and secondary coils are not connected with

wires.
Energy transfer is due to Mutual Induction
Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC):

Combination of inductive coupling and resonance

Resonance makes two objects interact very strongly
Inductance induces current
Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)

Coil provides the inductance

Capacitor is connected parallel to the coil
Energy will be shifting back and forth between
magnetic field surrounding the coil and electric field
around the capacitor
Radiation loss will be negligible
Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)

Transfers high power from one place to another. Two

places being in line of sight usually
Steps:
Electrical energy to microwave energy
Capturing microwaves using rectenna
Microwave energy to electrical energy
Rectenna:

Stands for rectifying antenna

Consists of mesh of dipoles and diodes
Converts microwave to its DC equivalent
Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)

AC can not be directly converted to microwave energy

AC is converted to DC first
DC is converted to microwaves using magnetron
Transmitted waves are received at rectenna which
rectifies, gives DC as the output
DC is converted back to AC
Laser Beam

LASER is highly directional, coherent

Not dispersed for very long
But,gets attenuated when it propagates through
atmosphere
Simple receiver
Photovoltaic cell
Cost-efficient
 Comparison Table:

Distance between transmitter and receiver circuits

Inductive Coupling a few millimeters
Magnetic Resonance a few meters
Microwaves up to 100 kilometers
Laser a few meters but could be used for longer distances by using
high intensity beam
Transmitted Power
Inductive Coupling Up to few Watts
Magnetic Resonance Up to few Kilo Watts
Microwaves Up to hundreds of Megawatts
Laser Up to hundreds of Megawatts
Efficiency
Inductive Coupling Low
Magnetic Resonance High
Microwaves High
Laser Low
 Comparison Table:

Cost
Inductive Coupling Economical because the used equipment are cheap and
available
Magnetic Resonance Economical because the used equipment are cheap and
available
Microwaves Relatively expensive compared to other methods

Laser same economic conditions of inductive coupling

Safety
Inductive Coupling It is safe from biological point of view

Magnetic Resonance It is safe from biological point of view

Microwaves Dangerous on health due to high frequency rays (1 GHz to

1000 GHz)
Laser injurious to human health
Why we choose Magnetic Resonance
Inductive coupling?
From above comparison table it is cleared that there are four basic ways of wireless power
transfer. First inductive coupling which is economical because the used equipment's are
cheap and available and also it is safe from biological point of view but if talk about its
distance, power and efficiency that quite low. Second method is by microwaves it is used to
transmit power wirelessly up to 100 kilometers and up to 100 Megawatts also have high
efficiency but it is very costly and expensive and one of its major disadvantage is, it is
harmful and Dangerous for health due to high frequency rays (1 GHz to 1000 GHz).
Third way for wireless power transfer is by Laser beam.it is used for a few meters but could
be used for longer distances by using high intensity beam and power up to hundreds of
Megawatts. But as for as its efficiency is concern that is very low, more over its also
injurious to human health.
Now only one method is remaining that is magnetic resonance inductive coupling which is
best in all parameters it is used for few meter distance and transfers power in Kilowatts,
have high efficiency also it is economical because the used equipments are cheap and
available if we talk about its safety it is safe from biological point of view.
Magnetic resonant inductive
coupling
Resonant inductive coupling is the near field wireless transmission of
electrical energy between magnetically coupled coils, which is part of
a resonant circuit tuned to resonate at the same frequency.
The distance at which the energy can be transferred is increased if
the transmitter and receiver coils are resonating at the same frequency.
This resonant frequency refers to the frequency at which an object naturally
vibrates or rings much like the way a tuning fork rings at a particular
frequency and can achieve their maximum amplitude.
Circuit Diagram:
Working:

The basics of resonant inductive coupling involves the transmission of

energy from a transmitter to a receiver via an oscillating magnetic field.
To achieve this, Direct Current (DC) supplied by a power source, is
converted into high frequency Alternating Current (AC) by specially
designed electronics built into the transmitter.
The alternating current energizes a copper wire coil in the transmitter,
which generates a magnetic field. Once a second (receiver) coil is placed
within proximity of the magnetic field, the field can induce an alternating
current in the receiving coil.
Electronics in the receiving device then converts the alternating current
back into direct current, which becomes usable power.
Parameters over efficiency of
resonant inductive coupling
depends:

Coupling coefficient (k)

Quality factor (Q)
Transmitter coil & Receiver coil
Energy transfer and efficiency