Organizational

Psychology Trend
Work/family issues
Job-related stress and health
Retirement
Impact of cultural differences on organizational processes
such as socialization,communication, and motivation.
Dejobbing; move away from highly specific jobs, and toward
more temporary, project-based work.
Advances in communication technology; allow things to be done
much
quicker in Organizations, allowed employees much greater
flexibility in
working arrangements, it is also a very exciting prospect for the
field of
organizational psychology
 Research Methods and
Statistics
Crucial to the practice of
organizational psychology
- psychologists often use systematic research
methods to
provide organizational decision makers with
information
regarding employees attitudes
- Used to evaluate some intervention designed
to
enhance organizational effectiveness
 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

There are literally thousands of research questions

that have been, and continue to be, explored by
organizational psychologists.
Are employees who perceive a high level of autonomy
in their work likely to be highly satisfied with their jobs?
Does a high level of conflict between work and family
responsibilities lead to poor health?
Does job performance remain consistent over time?

Regardless of the research question being asked,

there is a need for relevant data to be collected if the
question is ever to be answered.
 Data-collection methods
Observational Methods TUGAS
- Simple observation, Participant observation, Archival data sources
Survey Research
Asking research participants to report about their attitudes and/or
behaviors, either inwriting or verbally.
It is useful to consider the purposes of survey research:
- To provide purely descriptive information (ex. the top
management team in an organization may wish to know the
current level ofemployee job satisfaction)
- To test hypotheses regarding the relationships between variables
(ex. reasercher may want to assess whether employees who
perceive a great deal of autonomy in their jobs also report a high
level of job satisfaction.
Steps Involved in Conducting a Survey Research
Project

Identify Variables

Literature Search

Questionnaire Design

Sampling

Data Collection

Data Analysis and Presentation

 Identify Variables
Variable will be directly linked to the research question one is examining
Determiningwhat to measure in surveys is often achieved through the
use of focus groups
The researcher might begin the focus group session by posing a
question: What are the biggest concerns of employeesin this
organization?
The researcher would take note of major issues that come up
The researcher has decided which variables to measure
To conductan extensive search of relevant literature on these variables
To design the questionnaire or survey instrument
To conduct some form of pilot testing
To determin especifically who the respondents will be (sampling
technique) TUGAS
To actually collect data
Analysis and presentation of the data.
 Experimentation
An experiment is a highly controlled situation
that provides a researcher the bestopportunity
to assess cause-and-effect relationships
Three characteristics
- Manipulation of an independent variable
and
measurement of a dependent variable;
- Random assignment to experimental
treatment conditions;
- Maximum control by the experimenter.
 Quasi-Experimentation
A quasi-experiment is similar to a true experiment
except that it lacks one or more of the essential
features previously described
In organizational settings, the independent
variable of interest often cannot be manipulated
because it is under the control of the organization,
or may even be a naturallyoccurring event
Theresearcher has no control over which
researchparticipants receive which treatments
Researchparticipants usually cannot be randomly
assigned to treatment conditions.
 STATISTICAL METHODS
IN ORGANIZATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY

Descriptive Statistics
Tests of Mean Differences
Correlation and Regression Analysis