FUNDAMENTALS ENGLISH

PART OF SPEECH :
CONJUNCTION

GROUP MEMBER :
1) MUHAMAD BUKHARI BIN A RAZAK EA16001
2) MUHAMMAD KHALIS BIN MHD NASRUDDIN EA16017
3) MUHAMAD HAFIZAN BIN HASHIM EA16098
4)
5) MOHD DANIAL HAKIM BIN MOHD AMIN MA16121
6) MUHAMMAD HARIS NAFIZ BIN MISNON MA16067
TYPE OF CONJUNCTION
A) Subordinating conjunctions Also known as
subordinators, these conjunctions join dependent clauses
to independent clauses.
B) Coordinatingconjunction Also known as
coordinators, these conjunctions coordinate or join two or
more sentences, main clauses, words, or other parts of
speech which are of the same syntactic importance.
C) Correlative conjunction These conjunctions
correlate, working in pairs to join phrases or words that
carry equal importance within a sentence.
D)Conjunctiveadverbs While some instructors do
not teach conjunctive adverbs alongside conjunctions,
these important parts of speech are worth a mention here.
These adverbs always connect one clause to another, and
are used to show sequence, contrast, cause and effect, and
other relationships.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
What is a Subordinating
Conjunction? Subordinatingconjunctions
are essential parts of complex
Subordinating conjunctions are parts of sentences with include at least
speech that join dependent clauses to two clauses, with one of the
independent clauses. Sometimes referred to clauses being main
as subordinators or subordinate (independent) and the other
conjunctions, these important words and being subordinate
phrases may also introduce (dependent).
adverb clauses.
There is only one rule to remember about using
subordinate conjunctions:
A subordinate conjunction performs two functions
within a sentence. First, it illustrates the importance
of the independent clause. Second, it provides a
transition between two ideas in the same sentence.
The transition always indicates a place,
time, or cause and effect relationship. For example:
We looked in the metal canister, where Ginger often
hides her candy.
 CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
What are Correlative
Conjunctions?
Conjunctions that are used in pairs to
join sentences or phrases that carry the
same general meaning and tone are
calledcorrelative conjunctions. They
are so called because they
arealwaysused together and convey the
same relative meaning.
Types of Correlative Conjunctions
1. eitheror
This conjunction is used when you want to
convey a choice. While you can use or by
itself, it is grammatically incorrect to use
either separately (i.e. you can have a
sentence like I will go to the movies or
watch a play, but not I will either go to
the movies, and watch a play).
Example: You can either buy a house with
your inheritance, or you can spend it all on
a new car and a vacation.
2. neithernor 4. just asso
This conjunction is used when you want to This conjunction is used to indicate a
negate two choices, i.e. something similarity or relation between two subjects.
isneitherthis,northat. Whenever you use
neither, itmustbe followed by nor. Example:Just asthe Brazilians love soccer,
Example:NeitherBatman,norSuperman can so the Indians love cricket.
save Gotham.
He wasneitherterribly
smart,norparticularly stupid.

3. not onlybut (also)

You typically use this conjunction to join
sentences that demonstrate two typically
contradictory choices. For example, when
somebody is good lookingandsmart, or when
a car is extremely fastandextremely safe.
5. notbut
This conjunction is used when you want to
negate one choice and highlight another,
i.e. when something isnotX,butY. The
example below will illustrate it better:

Example:The singer isnot Example:He hitnotone,butthree

onlygorgeous,butshe isalsoa Harvard homeruns that evening.
educated neuroscientist.
Things to Keep in Mind When Using Correlative Conjunctions

Before we leave, here are a few things you must keep in mind when using correlative conjunctions:

1. Verb Agreement
When two subjects are joined together by a correlative conjunction, the verb that follows must be in
agreement with the subjects.

For example:
As per the records, either the pen, or the bagmakesup the bulk of the order.
As per the records, either the pens, or the bagsmakeup the bulk of the order.

2. Pronoun Agreement
When two subjects are joined together by a correlative conjunction, any pronoun that follows must be
in agreement with the second subject.

For example:
Neither the CEO, nor the top executives gottheirshare of the bonuses this year.
Neither the executives, nor the CEO got his share of the bonuses this year.
 COORDINATING CONJUNCTION
Rules
Coordinatingconjunctionscoordinate or 1.Its a good idea to use the mnemonic FANBOYS to memorize
jointwoormoresentences,mainclauses, coordinating conjunctions so youll never forget them. They are:
words,orotherpartsofspeechwhichare 1. F= for
of the same syntactic importance. Also 2. A= and
known as coordinators, coordinating 3. N= nor
conjunctions are used to give equal 4. B= but
5. O= or
emphasistoapairofmainclauses.
6. Y= yet
7. S= so
Some instructors warn that
Coordinating conjunctions always starting a sentence with a
connect phrases, words, and clauses. coordinating conjunction is
For example: This batch of incorrect. Mostly, this is
mushroom stew is
because they are attempting to
savory anddelicious. help prevent you from writing
fragments rather than complete
sentences; sometimes though,
its just a personal preference.
The fact is, you can begin sentences with
coordinating conjunctions as long as you
follow these three rules for doing so:
1. Ensure that the coordinating
conjunction is immediately followed
by a main clause
2. Dont use coordinating conjunctions
to begin all of your sentences. Do so
only when it makes your writing
more effective.
3. Although commas typically follow
coordinating conjunctions used in
areas other than the beginning of a
sentence, they should not be used
after coordinating conjunctions used
to open sentences unless an
interrupter immediately follows.
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Conjunctive adverbs are parts
of speech that are used to
connect one clause to another.
They are also used to show
sequence, contrast, cause and
effect,andotherrelationships.
Useacommaifaconjunction
such asand, but,
or,orsoappears between the
conjunctive adverb and the first
clause.
Useacommabehindconjunctiveadverbswhen
they appear at the beginning of a sentences
secondclause.Theonlyexceptiontothisruleis
that no comma is necessary if the adverb is a
singlesyllable.
Like otheradverbs, conjunctive adverbs may be moved
around in the sentence or clause in which they appear.
This is just one of the things youll need to remember;
additionalrulesforusingconjunctiveadverbsfollow:
Always use aperiodorsemicolonbefore the
conjunctive adverb when separating two independent
clauses. Conjunctive adverbs are not strong enough to
joinindependentclauseswithoutsupportingpunctuation.
If a conjunctive adverb appears in
the middle of a clause, it should be
enclosed incommasmost of the
time.Thisisnotanabsoluteruleand
does not normally apply to short
clauses.