CSC271 Database Systems

Lecture # 21
Summary:PreviousLecture
PhasesofdatabaseSDLC
Prototyping(optional)
Implementation

Dataconversionandloading
Testing

Operationalmaintenance

Factfindingtechniques
Examiningdocumentation
Interviewing

Observingtheorganizationinoperation
Research

Questionnaires
DreamHomeCaseStudy
DreamHomeCaseStudy
DreamHomeCaseStudy
DreamHomeCaseStudy
DreamHomeCaseStudy
DreamHomeCaseStudy
DreamHomeCaseStudy
DreamHome:DatabasePlanning
MissionstatementforDreamHome
Interviewswithdirectororappropriatestaff
Openendedquestions
Whatisthepurposeofyourcompany?
Whydoyoufeelthatyouneedadatabase?
How do you know that a database will solve your
problem?
DreamHome:DatabasePlanning..
MissionobjectivesforDreamHome
Interviewswithstaffmemberswithdifferentroles
Openendedquestions
Whatisyourjobdescription?
Whatkindsoftasksdoyouperforminatypicalday?
Whatkindsofdatadoyouworkwith?
Whattypesofreportsdoyouuse?
Whattypesofthingsdoyouneedtokeeptrackof?
What service does your company provide to your
customers?
DreamHome:MissionObjectives
DreamHome:SystemDefinition
To dene the scope and boundary of the
databasesystemanditsmajoruserviews
DreamHome:SystemDefinition..
DreamHome:Req.Coll.&Analysis
Usersrequirementsspecication
Thedatatobeheldinthedatabaseandhowthedata
istobeused
WhattypeofdatadoyouneedtoholdonX?
WhatsortsofthingsdoyoudowiththedataonX?
DreamHome:Req.Coll.&Analysis..
ManagingUserViews
How do we decide whether to use the centralized or
viewintegrationapproach,oracombinationofbothto
managemultipleuserviews?
Onewaytohelpmakeadecisionistoexaminetheoverlapin
the data used between the user views identied during the
systemdenitionstage
Based on this analysis, we use the centralized approach to
rst merge the requirements for the Director and Manager
userviews(Branchuserviews)andtherequirementsforthe
SupervisorandAssistantuserviews(Staffuserviews)
Data models representing the Branch and Staff user views
aredevelopedandthenviewintegrationapproachisusedto
mergethetwodatamodels
DreamHome:Req.Coll.&Analysis..
Systemspecification
Whattransactionsrunfrequentlyonthedatabase?
Whattransactionsarecriticaltotheoperationoftheorganization?
Whendothecriticaltransactionsrun?
When are the low, normal, and high workload periods for the critical
transactions?
Whattypeofsecuritydoyouwantforthedatabasesystem?
Is there any highly sensitive data that should be accessed only by certain
membersofstaff?
Whathistoricaldatadoyouwanttohold?
Whatarethenetworkingandsharedaccessrequirementsforthedatabase
system?
What type of protection from failures or data loss do you want for the
database
system?
DreamHome:Req.Coll.&Analysis..
The types of features described in the systems
specificationinclude:
Initialdatabasesize
Databaserateofgrowth
Thetypesandaveragenumberofrecordsearches
Networkingandsharedaccessrequirements
Performance
Security
Backupandrecovery
Legalissues
Conceptual Database Design

Chapter 15
DreamHome:DatabaseDesign
Conceptualdatabasedesign
Tobuildtheconceptualrepresentationofthedatabase,which
includesidenticationof theimportantentities,relationships,
andattributes
Logicaldatabasedesign
To translate the conceptual representation to the logical
structure of the database, which includes designing the
relations
Physicaldatabasedesign
To decide how the logical structure is to be physically
implemented (as base relations) in the target Database
ManagementSystem(DBMS)
WhatisaDesignMethodology?
Astructuredapproachthatusesprocedures,techniques,
tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate
theprocessofdesign
A design methodology consists of phases each containing a
number of steps, which guide the designer in the techniques
appropriateateachstageoftheproject
A design methodology also helps the designer to plan,
manage,control,andevaluatedatabasedevelopmentprojects
Furthermore, it is a structured approach for analyzing and
modeling a set of requirements for a database in a
standardizedandorganizedmanner
CriticalSuccessFactorsinDatabaseDesign
Workinteractivelywiththeusersasmuchaspossible
Follow a structured methodology throughout the data modeling
process
Employadatadrivenapproach
Incorporatestructuralandintegrityconsiderationsintothedata
models
Combine conceptualization, normalization, and transaction
validationtechniquesintothedatamodelingmethodology
Usediagramstorepresentasmuchofthedatamodelsaspossible
UseaDatabaseDesignLanguage(DBDL)torepresentadditional
datasemantics
Buildadatadictionarytosupplementthedatamodeldiagrams
Bewillingtorepeatsteps
ConceptualDatabaseDesignMethodology
Astructuredapproachthatusesprocedures,techniques,
tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate
theprocessofdesign
A design methodology consists of phases each containing a
number of steps, which guide the designer in the techniques
appropriateateachstageoftheproject
A design methodology also helps the designer to plan,
manage,control,andevaluatedatabasedevelopmentprojects
Furthermore, it is a structured approach for analyzing and
modeling a set of requirements for a database in a
standardizedandorganizedmanner
BuildingConceptualDataModel
The rst step in conceptual database design is to build
one (or more) conceptual data models of the data
requirementsoftheenterprise
Aconceptualdatamodelcomprises:
Entitytypes
Relationshiptypes
Attributesandattributedomains
Primarykeysandalternatekeys
Integrityconstraints
BuildingConceptualDataModel
The tasks involved in building conceptual data model
are:
Identifyentitytypes
Identifyrelationshiptypes
Identify and associate attributes with entity or relationship
types
Determineattributedomains
Determinecandidate,primary,andalternatekeyattributes
Consideruseofenhancedmodelingconcepts(optionalstep)
Checkmodelforredundancy
Validateconceptualmodelagainstusertransactions
Reviewconceptualdatamodelwithuser
IdentifyEntityTypes
Toidentifytherequiredentitytypes
Denethemainobjects
Examinetheusersrequirementsspecication
Lookfornounsornounphrases,majorobjectssuchaspeople,
places,orconceptsofinterestetc.
It is not always obvious whether a particular object is an
entity,arelationship,oranattribute
EntitiesidentifiedforStaffuserviewsoftheDreamHomecase
studyare:
Staff, PropertyForRent, PrivateOwner, BusinessOwner, Client
Preference,Lease
DocumentEntityTypes
IdentifyRelationshipTypes
To identify the important relationships that exist
betweentheentitytypes
Wecanusethegrammaroftherequirementsspecicationto
identifyrelationships
Typically, relationships are indicated by verbs or verbal
expressions
Forexample:
StaffManagesPropertyForRent
PrivateOwnerOwnsPropertyForRent
PropertyForRentAssociatedWithLease
EntityRelationship (ER) diagrams to represent entities and
howtheyrelatetooneanother
Summary
ApplyingDatabaseSDLConDreamHome
Databaseplanning

Systemdefinition

Requirementscollectionandanalysis

Databasedesign
Designmethodology
Conceptualdatabasedesign
References
Allthe material (slides, diagrams etc.)
presented in this lecture is taken (with
modifications) from the Pearson Education
website:
http://www.booksites.net/connbegg