Architecture in Pakistan LEC 6

ARCHITECTURE IN PAKISTAN
PERIOD: 1947-2007
(60 YEARS)
Dr. Ghafer
Shahzad
Lecture: 06
Architecture in Pakistan
Architecture in Pakistan (1947 to 1969):
Ayub Khan Period: (1958 to 1969)
Major Activities:
Islamabad: New Capital City

Karachi: Construction of Mazar-e Quaid
Lahore: Construction of Minar-e Pakistan
Lahore: Master Planning for Greater Lahore
Architecture in Pakistan (1947
to 1969):
Ayub Khan Period: (1958 to 1969)
Mausoleum of Quaid: Karachi:

Mazar-e-Quaid is the final resting place of Quaid-e-
Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan,
his sister
Fatima Jinnah, and Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime
Minister of Pakistan and Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar.
It is Located in the Jamshed Quarters, neighborhood of
Karachi.
The Mausoleum is designed by architect Yahya
Merchant. It is made of white marble with curved
Moorish arches and copper grills reset on an elevated
54-square-meter platform.
The mausoleum is located in a 53-hectare park and
the building has a Architecture
footprint of 75 in Pakistan
X 75m (246 X 246ft)
with a height of 43m (141ft), built on a 4m (13ft)
Architecture in Pakistan (1947 to 1969):
First Decade: (1958 to 1969)
The Quaid-i-Azam Memorial Fund was created soon after the sad
demise of the Quaid-i-Azam. It came into being through
donations made by the public in response to an appeal by the
then Governor - General of Pakistan.
Donations were received both by the Central and the Provincial
Government as well as the state committees of the Quaid-e-
Azam Memorial fund throughout Pakistan. In the beginning the
fund was administered through a committee under the
chairmanship of the then Governor General and later on by the
President of Pakistan. It was in August 1968 that the committee
appointed a Board to deal with its day -to day matters.
Mausoleum was opened for public on June 2, 1970 after
completion.
On October 10, 2008 the Federal Government of Pakistan
reconstituted the Quaid-i-Azam Mazar Management Board
Architecture
(QMMB) under section in Pakistan
5 (1) of Quaid-i-Azam Mazars Protection &
Mausoleum of Quaid:
Karachi:
Mausoleum of Quaid:
Karachi:
Mausoleum of Quaid:
Karachi:
Mausoleum of Quaid:
Karachi:
Mausoleum of Quaid:
Karachi:
Mausoleum of Quaid:
Karachi:
Architecture in Pakistan: (1947 to
1969)
Components of Quaid Complex:
Construction of Quaid-i-Azam Mausoleum.
Construction of Memorial Room containing 800 Relics of Quaid.
Construction of Bagh-e-Quaid-i-Azam over an area of 61 Acres.
Regular maintenance and upkeep of Bagh-e-Quaid having an
area of 61 Acres.
Construction of Lift Ramp System to facilitate disabled / senior
citizens.
Construction of Audio Visual Room with seating capacity of 160
in order to perpetuate the massage of father of the nation.
Restoration of Bronze Ornamental Jali.
Transformation from conventional lights to LED Lights.
Installation of 05 KW Solar Panel System at Mazar-e-Quaid.
Architecture in Pakistan: (1947 to 1969)
QMMB Functions :
The main functions of the Quaid-i-Azam Mazar Management
Board include:-
Upkeep and maintenance of Quaids Mazar having an area of
61 acres.
Beautification and landscaping of the grilled area (61 acres)
and peripheral area (70 acres).
Development, care and upkeep of relic room which contains
the relics of the father of the nation.
Development & Management of peripheral area of Quaid-i-
Azam Mazar which extends to 70 acres.
Management of ceremonial guards from there services posted
at the Mazar.
To take decisions for Quaids Mausoleum.
Architecture in Pakistan (1947 to 1969)
Design Concept (Architect,s Statement):
The massive, masculine edifice blends with mountainous

character of people of Baluchistan, and the feminine grace
of arches reflects the docile (obedient) nature of the
Muslims of Sindh. Both these provinces surround the city
of Karachi where Quaid was born and finally buried.
The general form of building is suggestive of Sarasenic
architecture with the dome and tapering walls which
relate it with Muhammad Bin Toghlaq (15th century ruler).
Low Technology and labour-intesive construction works. All
materials used were local and natural resources and skill
of local people saving the foreign exchange. Contribution
of people was returned them in the form of labour and
purchase of material.
Architecture in Pakistan (1947 to
1969)
Design Concept (Architect,s Statement):
The tall and slender arches reminds the viewer the

Quaid,s tall and thin figure.
The deliberate edge in height given to the minaret of
mosque over dome of the mausoleum symbolizes the
Quaid being Muslim. By keeping the minaret of mosque
exactly in line with the grave of the Quaid , away to the
left shows he was staunch Muslim and all his greatness
stemmed from Allah. The confusion and chaos in nation
before Pakistan is symbolized by the rockery garden.
The majestic steps leading to the platform and the
majestically standing mausoleum projects the forceful
character of theArchitecture
Quaid. in Pakistan
Architecture in Pakistan: (1947
to 1969):
Minar-e Pakistan: Lahore:
Preliminary Design: Minar-e-Pakistan
23 March 1959, a resolution was passed in meeting of
Corporation by the Administrator Malik Abdul Latif
Khan for construction of memorial.
Preliminary design comprised an octagonal hall, with
64 feet high minaret. Height was increased to 99 feet.
Before that, Space was reserved for Prade Ground,
National Industrial Fair and Public Park.
Pakistan Memorial Committee headed by
Commissioner Lahore was constituted with 22
members.19 March 1960, foundation stone was laid
by Governor West Pakistan Mr. Akhtar Hussain. A
model with 3 feet height was also prepared. The
Estimated cost of the project was Rs 65 lacs.
to 1969):
Preliminary Design: Minar-e-Pakistan
In Feb 1962, construction was postponed due to non-
availability of funds.
Governor Amir Muhammad Khan suspended the 65
lacs project and directed to reduced the cost to 14
lacs. (7 lacs by Corporation & 7 lacs by Government).
Up to completion of 30 feet height, where petals ends,
14 lacs consumed. When it came in the notice of
Governor, he harshly said to the architect; The
remaining work should be completed by you now.
Architect paid regular visits and finally it was
completed by imposing Levy on Cinema ticket as 5
paisas per ticket to meet the cost.
to 1969):
Minar-e Pakistan:
Minar-e-Pakistan Lahore:
is a public monument
located in Iqbal Park, Lahore. The tower
was constructed during the 1960s on the
site where, on 23 March 1940, the All-India
Muslim League passed the Lahore
Resolution, the first official call for a
separate homeland for the Muslims living in
the South Asia, in accordance with the two
nation theory.
DESIGN:
The tower was designed and supervised by
Nasreddin Murat-Khan (1904-70), an
architect and engineer hailing from
Daghistan. The structural design was
prepared by Engineer Abdur Rehman Khan
Niazi who was working as Structural Design
Engineer for IlleriArchitecture
N. Murat-Khan &in Pakistan
Associates.
1969):
Approved by the President, the design was constructed by Mian
Abdul Khaliq and Company. The foundation stone was laid on 23
March 1960. The construction took eight years, and was
completed on 31 October 1968 at an estimated cost of Rs 7.50
million. The money was collected by imposing an additional tax
on the cinema and horse racing tickets on the demand of
Akhtar Hussain governor of West Pakistan. It was opened for
public on 23 March 1969 without official inauguration. Architect
did not take fee Rs. 2, 52,000/- by saying the words;
A Humble Donation for the Nation
The Structure:
The base is about 8 m above the ground. The tower rises about
62 m on the base, thus the total height of minaret is about 70
m (203 ft.) above the ground. The unfolding petals of the
flower-like base are 9 m high. The diameter of the tower is
about 9.75 m. The base comprises
Architecture infour platforms.
Pakistan
1969):
DESIGN CONCEPT:
The design of the base and the first four platforms depict the
history of the Pakistan Movement through architectural symbols.
Rough stones and cement have been haphazardly laid
representing the chaotic conditions and the lack of direction in
the early stages of the freedom movement of the Indian
Muslims.
To symbolize humble beginnings of the freedom struggle, first
platform is built with uncut Taxila stones, second platform is
made of hammer-dressed stones, whereas third platform is of
chiseled stones. Polished white marble at the fourth and final
platform depicts the success of the Pakistan Movement.
The tower rises above a platform shaped like a five-pointed star.
The terrace is three feet from ground level, the platform's height
is about six feet, and the star platform is about 12 feet high. It is
surrounded by two crescent-shaped pools, four feet deep and
lined with green and red marble. The tower has a spring shaped
hall spanned by Architecture
arches. in Pakistan
1969)
1969)
1969)
1969):
DECORATION:
At the base, there are floral inscriptions on ten converging white
marble Commemorative plaques. The inscriptions include the text
of Lahore Resolution in Urdu, Bengali and English, and Delhi
Resolution's text, which was passed on 9 April 1946.
On different plaques, Quranic verses and 99 attributes of Allah are
inscribed in Arabic calligraphy, whereas National Anthem of
Pakistan in Urdu and Bengali, excerpts from the speeches of
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in Urdu, Bengali and English, as well as few
couplets of Allama Iqbal are inscribed
1969):
First Decade: (1958 to 1969)

Architecture in Pakistan LEC 6

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ARCHITECTURE IN PAKISTAN

Islamabad: New Capital City

Mausoleum of Quaid: Karachi:

The massive, masculine edifice blends with mountainous

The tall and slender arches reminds the viewer the

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